<![CDATA[Legal certainty is the precondition on which contractual trust in Islamic commerce is built, yet Sharia business contracts in Indonesia operate at the intersection of religious normativity, civil law, and sector-specific regulation. This article examines how legal certainty is constructed in Sharia business contracts and how the rights of contracting parties are protected when that certainty falters. Using a normative juridical method supported by statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, the study analyses statutes, a landmark constitutional decision, fatwas of the National Sharia Council, and scholarship published between 2021 and 2026. The findings show that certainty is produced by three interlocking layers: the substantive validity requirements drawn from fiqh muamalah and the Civil Code, the institutional architecture that turns fatwas into enforceable obligations, and the procedural forum in which disputes are finally adjudicated. Uncertainty persists where fatwas lack direct statutory force, where standard clauses displace genuine bargaining, where court decisions on the same contract type diverge, and where digital platforms outpace regulation. The article argues that protecting contracting parties requires a shift from formal compliance to substantive fairness grounded in balance, transparency, and good faith, supported by clearer dispute clauses, a codified role for fatwas, and digitally aware supervision. The study concludes with recommendations for legislators, regulators, courts, and contract drafters.]]>
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