Karakteristik Genetik Eksternal Ayam Kampung di Kecamatan Langsa Lama Kota Langsa: Universitas Samudra, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Riska Amelia (Samudra University)
Ummi Amanah
Triami Lestari
Darmansyah
Fachrul Akbar
Ulvira Rifni

Jurnal Inspirasi Peternakan
Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Jurnal Inspirasi Peternakan

This study aims to identify and map the external genetic characteristics, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative traits, in the native chicken population of Langsa Lama District, Langsa City. Traditional extensive management without directional selection in this region has led to high phenotypic diversity that has not been comprehensively documented. This study utilized a survey method with a multistage random sampling technique involving 150 mature native chickens (50 males and 100 females). Data on qualitative traits (feather color, comb shape, shank color) and quantitative traits (body weight, tarsometatarsus length, tibia length, femur length, comb height, pubic bone distance, wing length, and third toe length) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that in male chickens, the dominant phenotypes included wild-type feather (40%), single comb (50%), and yellow/white shank color (68%). In female chickens, the dominant phenotypes comprised black feather color (48%), pea comb (61%), and yellow/white shank color (60%). Quantitatively, male chickens had an average body weight of 1.77 ± 0.35 kg, tarsometatarsus length of 103.69 ± 11.92 mm, tibia length of 144.76 ± 14.02 mm, femur length of 107.69 ± 10.05 mm, comb height of 28.43 ± 11.92 mm, wing length of 218.35 ± 15.26 mm, and third toe length of 69.59 ± 7.99 mm. Meanwhile, in females, the average body weight reached 1.36 ± 0.16 kg, tarsometatarsus length of 81.07 ± 5.10 mm, tibia length of 125.50 ± 7.80 mm, femur length of 95.40 ± 12.47 mm, comb height of 9.93 ± 3.37 mm, pubic bone distance of 32.02 ± 3.27 mm, wing length of 187.77 ± 6.02 mm, and third toe length of 63.15 ± 5.01 mm. Sexual dimorphism was clearly evident across all quantitative measurements. This study concludes that the native chicken population in Langsa Lama District exhibits a high level of external genetic and morphometric diversity as a result of the extensive management system. Keywords: native chicken, external genetic characteristics