<![CDATA[This study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the growth and development of primary embryogenic callus in four Arabica coffee varieties (Gayo, Orange Bourbon, Andungsari 1, and Lini S-795). The research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Politeknik Negeri Jember, using a factorial completely randomized design with two factors, namely coffee variety and PEG concentrations of 0, 5, 7.5, and 10%. A total of 16 treatment combinations were replicated four times, producing 64 experimental units, each consisting of one bottle containing a single primary callus clump. Subsequently, 3-month-old primary calli were cultured on modified MS medium supplemented with Vitamin B5 and different PEG concentrations. The evaluated parameters included Proembryogenic Mass (PEM) formation percentage, emergence time, clump weight, and regeneration capacity of PEM. The results showed that variety and PEG concentration independently had a highly significant effect on PEM formation. Gayo produced the highest formation (68.75%), while 5% PEG had 87.5%, compared with 0%, 7.5%, and 10%. The variety × PEG interaction significantly affected PEM emergence time and clump weight. The earliest formation occurred in Orange Bourbon cultured with 5% PEG (27.13 DAP), while the heaviest clumps were obtained from Gayo cultured with 5% PEG (0.115 g). During regeneration, Orange Bourbon showed the highest somatic embryo regeneration rate (90%).]]>
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