<![CDATA[Ethiopia’s food crisis in 2020–2022 arose from the interaction of armed conflict, prolonged drought, the COVID-19 pandemic, market disruption, and declining purchasing power. Existing discussions often describe World Food Programme activities without explaining how its institutional position shaped the response. This qualitative library study analyzes official World Food Programme reports, United Nations documents, Integrated Food Security Phase Classification data, policy documents, and scholarly articles through Clive Archer’s conception of international organizations as instruments, arenas, and independent actors. The findings show that the World Food Programme translated voluntary donor funding into food, cash, nutrition, and logistics assistance; provided coordination forums that connected the Ethiopian government, United Nations agencies, donors, and non-governmental organizations; and exercised relative autonomy through needs assessment, targeting, modality selection, and supply-chain management. It reached 3.91 million beneficiaries in 2020, 9.83 million in 2021, and approximately 10.2 million in 2022. However, donor earmarking, access restrictions, security risks, and state sovereignty limited that autonomy. The organization therefore operated as a multidimensional actor whose emergency contribution was substantial but insufficient to resolve Ethiopia’s structural food insecurity.]]>
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