<![CDATA[This study critically analyzes the epistemological and ontological tensions between the modernization of national agrarian law through Complete Systematic Land Registration (Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap [PTSL]) and the digitization of land certificates, on the one hand, and the existence of customary land in Bali, which is characterized by the Sakala–Niskala cosmological duality, on the other. This study employs normative feminist legal research using statutory, historical, and socio-legal approaches to examine the secularization of communal customary land through state administration. The findings indicate that the bureaucratic modernization undertaken by the National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional [BPN]) tends to adopt a monolithic approach by prioritizing the Sakala dimension, namely formal legality, geometric boundaries, and written administrative records intended to ensure legal and economic certainty and facilitate market transactions. Conversely, the Niskala dimension, encompassing religio-magical relationships, the Purusa lineage system, and the sanctity of customary land, remains insufficiently accommodated. This imbalance contributes to the erosion of the spiritual and cultural values associated with customary land, internal inheritance disputes within clans, particularly those involving Druwe Puri land, and the conversion of sacred land functions. The historical experience of Puri Agung Tegal Denpasar Pemecutan, which demonstrated progressive agrarian management from the colonial period through the Sukarno era, provides an important foundation for legal reconstruction. Therefore, this study proposes the Responsive Legal Sy model from the perspective of Dr. Agung Manik Danendra (AMD), positio.]]>
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