<![CDATA[Forest-based village tourism involves actors with unequal mandates, resources, and decision-making capacities, creating governance challenges that cannot be understood through participation alone. This study examines collaborative governance at Wana Wisata Padusan, Mojokerto, Indonesia, and develops the Asymmetric Multi-Helix Governance (AMHG) model. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design combined a survey (n = 100) with interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and document analysis. Quantitative results showed that collaboration-supporting factors were positively associated with collaborative achievement and related management outcomes (B = 0.78; p < 0.001), whereas collaboration-inhibiting factors were negatively associated (B = ?0.48; p < 0.001). Qualitative findings revealed uneven institutionalization of principled engagement, shared motivation, and capacity for joint action, together with four power asymmetries: authority, resource access, decision-making, and benefit sharing. Multi-Helix analysis further identified institutionalization, influence, resource, and accountability gaps. AMHG integrates actor architecture, collaborative dynamics, asymmetry diagnosis, institutional balancing mechanisms, and adaptive feedback. Its principal contribution is the operationalization of power asymmetry as an explicit diagnostic layer for power-aware collaborative governance.]]>
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