<![CDATA[Motor development comprises several domains that may not show the same sex-related pattern. This study examined sex differences in motor coordination, fundamental motor skills (FMS), and self-confidence among primary school children. A cross-sectional design was used with 220 students aged 9 to <12 years in Padang, Indonesia (114 boys, 106 girls). Motor coordination was measured with the KTK3+, FMS with the Test of Gross Motor Development–Second Edition (TGMD-2), and self-confidence in physical education with a 40-item questionnaire developed by the researchers. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by univariate tests at α = .05. A significant multivariate difference emerged between sexes (Wilks' Λ = .899, F(3, 216) = 8.07, p < .001, η²p = .10). Follow-up tests showed that the difference was driven by motor coordination (boys higher than girls, d = 0.62), whereas FMS and self-confidence did not differ significantly. The three constructs were also not meaningfully correlated (|r| ≤ .07). These findings indicate that sex-related differences in motor development are domain-specific. Multidimensional assessment of motor coordination and FMS is therefore needed to identify children's movement-learning needs in primary schools.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
