<![CDATA[Irrigation of shallot fields is commonly performed manually, requiring substantial labor, considerable time, and increased production costs. This study aims to design and develop an autonomous irrigation system for shallot fields powered by solar energy, with autonomous navigation capabilities to simplify the irrigation process while promoting the use of environmentally friendly renewable energy. The proposed system employs an Arduino Mega 2560 as the main controller, a JSN-SR04T ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection, a servo motor for steering, DC motors for locomotion, and a DC water pump for irrigation. The power supply is provided by a 50 Wp flexible photovoltaic panel connected to a solar charge controller (SCC) and a rechargeable battery. Experimental results demonstrate that the system is capable of autonomously following the irrigation ditch path while distributing water uniformly across the field. The electrical subsystem also performed reliably, as indicated by an increase in battery voltage from 12.4 V to 12.8 V during the charging process. Furthermore, the average charging current of 0.19 A was sufficient to meet the system's energy requirements for two irrigation cycles per day, with each cycle lasting one hour.]]>
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