<![CDATA[Kampoeng Lama Tourism Village has considerable cultural, natural, and agricultural tourism potential, yet its tourism performance has fluctuated and increasing tourist visits have not been followed by optimal improvements in community income. This condition highlights the need to strengthen livelihood capital and develop rural tourism capable of generating sustainable economic benefits for local communities. This research investigates how human, financial, and social capital contribute to sustainable rural tourism development and community income, while also examining tourism development as a mediating variable. A mixed methods approach was employed using surveys of local tourism business actors, tourism village managers, and village government representatives through random sampling, complemented by in-depth interviews and field observations. Quantitative data were analyzed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS. The measurement model confirmed that all constructs met validity and reliability criteria. Human capital (β=0.290; p<0.001), financial capital (β=0.248; p=0.001), and social capital (β=0.248; p<0.001) had positive and significant effects on tourism development. Tourism development had the strongest effect on community income (β=0.550; p<0.001) and significantly mediated the effects of all three livelihood capitals on incomeThe model accounted for 31.5% of the variation in tourism development and 47.1% in community income. The findings indicate that livelihood capital should be integrated with tourism product innovation, destination management, infrastructure improvement, market access, and inclusive community participation to generate sustainable economic benefits.]]>
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