JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia)
Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia)

Augmented reality as a table tennis learning medium: improving students’ technical understanding and motor skills

Dessi Novita Sari (Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Padang)
Sonya Nelson (Universitas Negeri Padang)
Ade Zalindro (Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Padang)



Article Info

Publish Date
13 Oct 2026

Abstract

This study aimed to examine changes in students’ technical understanding and motor skills following the implementation of an augmented reality (AR)-based table tennis learning medium. The study employed a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 30 students. Technical understanding and motor skills were assessed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, Cohen’s dz, Shapiro–Wilk tests, and normalized gain. Technical understanding increased from 67.67 ± 7.03 to 80.97 ± 7.00, while motor skills improved from 65.77 ± 7.86 to 76.77 ± 6.97. Both changes were statistically significant (p < .001), with very large within-group effect sizes (dz = 2.40 and 2.02) and moderate normalized gains of 41.5% and 32.1%, respectively. AR-based table tennis learning was associated with meaningful improvements in conceptual and motor outcomes, supporting its potential as a complementary medium for university-level practical instruction.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jrti

Publisher

Subject

Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

Description

JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia) ISSN: 2502-079X (Print), ISSN: 2503-1619 (Electronic) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes research and practice-based research across multidisciplinary fields of knowledge. The journal adopts an integrative and transdisciplinary perspective, ...