Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Gangguan Ginjal Akut pada Pasien COVID-19 di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo

Ikapratiwi, Radita
Nugroho, Pringgodigdo
Herikurniawan, Herikurniawan
Widhani, Alvina
Rinaldi, Ikhwan
Yamin, Muhammad
Ariane, Anna
Wafa, Syahidatul

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects not only the respiratory system but also cause systemic complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI). The occurrence of AKI in COVID-19 patients is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Global data indicate that AKI occurs in approximately 4,3–50,6% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly among the elderly and those with comorbidities. This acute impairment of kidney function may worsen the course of the disease and increase the burden on hospital services. This study aimed to determine the proportion of AKI and analyze the risk factors associated with the occurrence of AKI in COVID-19 patients at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital. Methods. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design using medical records of adult COVID-19 patients admitted to Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital from April 2020 to March 2022. Samples were selected using a consecutive sampling method. The main outcome assessed was the occurrence of acute kidney injury and its association with age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, severity of COVID-19, procalcitonin levels, CRP levels, and D-dimer levels. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results. Out of 422 subjects analyzed, 113 patients (26.8%) developed AKI. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥60 years (PR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.26–3.77; p = 0.005), hypertension (PR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.06–3.37; p = 0.03), elevated procalcitonin levels (PR = 4.48; 95% CI: 2.56–7.84; p < 0.001), cardiovascular disease (PR = 4.84; 95% CI: 2.57–9.11; p < 0.001), and obesity (PR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.46–4.33; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with the occurrence of AKI. Conclusions. The proportion of AKI among COVID-19 patients at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital was relatively high. Age > 60 years, hypertension, elevated procalcitonin > 0,18, cardiovascular disease, and obesity are risk factors associated with the occurrence of AKI in COVID-19 patients.