CAUCHY: Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi
Vol 11, No 2 (2026): CAUCHY: JURNAL MATEMATIKA MURNI DAN APLIKASI

Algebraic Cryptanalysis of an Elliptic-Curve-Based Polyalphabetic Hill Cipher over Z/26Z

Yanuar Bhakti Wira Tama (Department of Mathematics, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan)
Sindi Lukmaini (Department of Mathematics, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan)
Muhammad Firdhausi Fahmi (Department of Mathematics, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Nov 2026

Abstract

This study revisits a Hill-type polyalphabetic cipher in which the 26 uppercase letters are represented by points of the elliptic curve y2 = x3 + 9x + 1 over F29. We prove that the selected curve group contains 26 elements and that B = (0,1) has order 26; hence the group is cyclic and isomorphic to Z26. Under the generator-coordinate map, the point-valued matrix transformation is therefore conjugate to the classical Hill transformation over Z26. This characterization yields explicit plaintext-based attacks. Under the stated fixed-key and public-mapping assumptions, m chosen plaintext blocks recover an m m key exactly. For the reported 4 4 key, a known-plaintext attack also recovers the key from the first four plaintext-ciphertext block pairs because the resulting plaintext matrix is invertible modulo 26. For the Indonesian Constitution benchmark, a reproducible experiment using 100 random invertible keys for each block size m = 2, 3, 4, 5 shows that mean ciphertext entropy increases from 4.5592 to 4.6769 bits per symbol and the index of coincidence approaches 1/26, while chosen-plaintext key recovery remains 100%. Thus, flatter symbol frequencies do not remove the linear weakness of the construction or provide elliptic-curve discrete-logarithm security.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

Math

Publisher

Subject

Mathematics

Description

Jurnal CAUCHY secara berkala terbit dua (2) kali dalam setahun. Redaksi menerima tulisan ilmiah hasil penelitian, kajian kepustakaan, analisis dan pemecahan permasalahan di bidang Matematika (Aljabar, Analisis, Statistika, Komputasi, dan Terapan). Naskah yang diterima akan dikilas (review) oleh ...