<![CDATA[The growing use of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems requires a better understanding of degradation caused by overcharge and overdischarge conditions, which accelerate capacity loss and reduce battery State of Health (SOH). This study analyzes the effect of overcharge and overdischarge on the SOH of lithium-ion batteries at three current rates (C/5, C/10, and C/20). An Arduino Uno was integrated with an ACS712 current sensor, a voltage divider, and a DS18B20 temperature sensor to acquire real-time data. Battery capacity was calculated using the Coulomb counting method, and SOH was determined by comparing actual capacity to the initial capacity. Results show that overcharge produced Capacity fade of 15.30%, 3.87%, and 2.93%, with SOH of 84.70%, 96.13%, and 97.07% for C/5, C/10, and C/20, respectively, while overdischarge produced Capacity fade of 24.11%, 4.32%, and 6.75%, with SOH of 74.89%, 95.68%, and 93.25%. At C/5, SOH after overdischarge fell below the 80% end-of-life threshold, whereas all overcharge variations remained above it, indicating that overdischarge causes more severe degradation than overcharge at the same current rate. These findings support the development of safer operating strategies and more reliable Battery Management Systems (BMS) for lithium-ion batteries.]]>
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