<![CDATA[Despite the development of natural/synthetic fiber hybridization and the use of bio-fillers have been widely studied, limited knowledge still exists regarding the simultaneous integration of activated carbon of Arabica coffee grounds into sisal/E-glass/epoxy hybrid composites and the effect of fiber orientation variations on their mechanical performance. This research presents a novelty through the development of lightweight hybrid biocomposites based on coffee grounds waste and sisal/E-glass fiber with fiber orientation evaluation. The composite was fabricated using the hand lay-up method with orientation variations of 90°/0°, 0°/90°, and ±45°/45°. The tensile test referred to ASTM D3039, while the microstructure analysis was performed using SEM-EDS. The results showed that the 0°/90° orientation resulted in the highest tensile strength (36.27 MPa) due to the dominance of direct axial load-bearing, while the orientation ±45°/45° resulted in the highest modulus of elasticity (9.36 MPa) through the in-plane shear distribution. SEM observations confirmed the failure mechanisms of fiber fracture, pull-out, matrix cracking, and debonding. The key scientific contributions of the study is to provide an in-depth understanding of the trade-off mechanism between axial load holding capacity and elastic shear response, while providing engineering design guidance for sustainable lightweight structure applications.]]>
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