<![CDATA[Climate change is a global challenge and a key focus of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13. Indonesia aims to achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2060 or sooner; however, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continue to increase. Existing policies primarily focus on direct emissions while overlooking indirect emissions and embodied emissions associated with trade. This study estimates the embodied emissions of each economic sector, examines embodied emissions in trade, and identifies the major emission-contributing sectors using Indonesia's 2020 input–output table and 2022 greenhouse gas emissions data published by Statistics Indonesia. The results indicate that Indonesia's economic structure remains highly dependent on emission-intensive sectors, particularly Manufacturing and Electricity and Gas Supply, both directly and indirectly. Most emissions are generated to satisfy domestic consumption, while the country's emission balance shows a surplus, reflecting the high carbon footprint of export-oriented production. These findings highlight the need for cross-sectoral decarbonisation and more sustainable consumption patterns to support Indonesia's Net Zero Emissions target.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
