<![CDATA[Poverty is a complex global issue and the primary target of the first Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), which aims to end all forms of poverty. Nevertheless, the proportion of poor people worldwide, including in Indonesia, remains at an alarming level. This study aims to identify the determinants of household poverty status in Indonesia in 2023, categorized into five groups: extremely poor, poor, nearly poor, vulnerable poor, and non-poor. The analysis uses data from the March 2023 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) and applies the Partial Proportional Odds Model (PPOM). The results show that poverty status is influenced by demographic and economic characteristics as well as participation in social protection programs. A key finding is that participation in most social assistance programs, such as PKH and BPNT, is associated with poorer status, reflecting program targeting accuracy rather than program failure. In conclusion, social protection policies must be strengthened to be more effective in improving household welfare.]]>
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