<![CDATA[Carried out through the build-up welding process, followed by turning to restore the component dimensions and surface quality. One of the challenges encountered is obtaining a smooth turned surface on materials that have undergone welding. Tool geometry, particularly the cutting angle, is one of the factors that may affect cutting forces, process stability, chip formation, and surface quality. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the surface roughness of an AISI 1045 steel shaft after SMAW build-up welding using three turning tool angle configurations, namely 65°, 75°, and 85°, under the applied cutting conditions. The experimental study used an AISI 1045 steel shaft with an initial diameter of 36 mm. The build-up welding process was performed using an RD-460 E6013 electrode with a diameter of 3.2 mm and a welding current of 116 A. Turning was carried out using a conventional lathe at a spindle speed of 225 rpm and a depth of cut of 2 mm. Surface roughness was measured using a Mitutoyo SJ-310 roughness tester, with two measurements taken for each configuration. The results showed that the average surface roughness values for tool angles of 85°, 75°, and 65° were 1.19 µm, 1.80 µm, and 7.46 µm, respectively. The lowest surface roughness was obtained at a tool angle of 85°, whereas the highest was recorded at 65°. These results indicate that the 85° tool angle produced the smoothest surface among the three angle configurations tested. Keywords— ST-45 steel, SMAW, build-up welding, lathe machine, cutting angle, surface roughness.]]>
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