<![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to examine how the BI Rate, the Net Interest Margin (NIM), and the Operating Expense-to-Operating Income Ratio (BOPO) affect non-performing loans (NPL) five Himbara banks (BTN, BRI, BNI, and Mandiri) between 2011 and 2025. Quarterly secondary data from Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan's financial statements make up the data used. Panel data regression utilizing the Pooled OLS with dummy variables for BRI, BNI, and BTN is the analytical technique used, Bank Mandiri is the omitted group. According to the study's findings, BOPO has a positive and significant effect with a coefficient of 0.069526 and a p-value of 0.0000 (p < 0.05); NIM has a positive and significant effect with a coefficient of 0.200929 and a p-value of 0.0002 (p < 0.05); and the BI Rate has a negative and significant effect on NPL with a coefficient of -0.123567 and a p < 0.05). An F-statistic probability of 0.000000 (p < 0.05) and a coefficient of determination (R-squared) of 0.583734, or 58.37%, show that the three independent factors together have a significant impact on NPL. These results show that while BOPO and NIM raise the risk of NPL, an increase in the BI Rate actually encourages banks to be more careful when issuing credit.]]>
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