<![CDATA[Background: Temper tantrums are common among preschool children and may be influenced by children's emotional regulation capacity and parental caregiving responses. Evidence regarding structured mindful parenting interventions targeting children's tantrum behaviours remains limited in Indonesian preschool settings. This study examined changes in temper tantrum behaviours following structured mindful parenting training among preschool children. Methods: This quasi-experimental study followed the TREND reporting guideline and included 40 mothers of preschool children aged 3–6 years selected through total sampling at Budi Karya Preschool in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Participants were assigned nonrandomly by existing class to an intervention group (n = 20) receiving four structured mindful parenting training sessions over 5 days, followed by 14 days of home practice, or a control group (n = 20) receiving a standard parenting leaflet. The independent variable was structured mindful parenting training, and the dependent variable was children's temper tantrum behavior, measured using a validated 10-item questionnaire with composite scores ranging from 10 to 50. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for within-group changes and the Mann–Whitney U test for between-group gain-score comparisons. Results: Baseline temper tantrum scores were comparable between groups (p = .342). Following the intervention, the intervention group's median temper tantrum score decreased significantly from 30.00 [IQR = 9.00] (Mean = 30.15, SD = 6.24) at pre-test to 21.00 [IQR = 4.00] (Mean = 21.20, SD = 3.36) at post-test (Z = −3.841, p < .001), representing a large effect size (r = 0.86). Post-intervention, 75.0% (n = 15) of children in the intervention group were categorised as having mild tantrums and none (0.0%) remained in the High category (15.0% at baseline). The Mann–Whitney U test showed significantly greater gain scores in the intervention group than in the control group (U = 0.00, Z = -5.580, p < .001). However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because allocation was not random. Conclusion: Structured mindful parenting training was associated with a significant reduction in perceived temper tantrum scores among preschool children compared with standard educational leaflets. These findings support further evaluation of structured mindful parenting programs in broader preschool and community settings using larger samples, randomized designs, and longer follow-up periods.]]>
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