Syngas as An Alternative Fuel for Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engines: A Systematic Review

Ainun Huda Gimnastiar (University Of Jember)
Andi Sanata (Energy Conversion Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jember)
Danang Yudistiro (University Of Jember)
Nasrul Ilminnafik (University Of Jember)
Agus Triono (University Of Jember)
Imam Sholahuddin (University Of Jember)
Dani Hari Tunggal Prasetiyo (University Of Jember)

V-MAC (Virtual of Mechanical Engineering Article)
Vol 11 No 2 (2026): V-MAC

The transition to low-carbon energy is driving the development of alternative fuels to replace fossil fuels in spark-ignition engines. One potential candidate is syngas from biomass gasification, given its lower carbon emissions. This study aims to compile a comprehensive synthesis of the use of syngas as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines, using the Systematic Literature Review method, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The results show that syngas quality is influenced by the type of gasifier, gasification agent, and operating parameters, with downdraft fixed-bed gasifiers being the most optimal technology. The use of syngas can improve combustion stability and thermal efficiency, but reduces power and torque by 15–35% in spark-ignition engines. With proper gas quality optimization and engine calibration, syngas can be an efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines.