<![CDATA[Changes in the authority to issue Environmental Approvals have created administrative law challenges, particularly regarding the supervision of business activities that obtained Environmental Approvals under previous regulations while new legal frameworks assign authority to different governmental levels. This study aims to analyze supervisory authority during the regulatory transition period and identify potential overlaps arising from changes in the distribution of authority for issuing Environmental Approvals. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The analysis is based on relevant environmental and administrative law regulations governing authority, environmental management, and supervision. The findings demonstrate that the existing regulatory framework has not fully provided legal certainty regarding supervisory authority during the transition period. Overlapping authority may occur when multiple government institutions supervise the same activities, obligations, and violations without clear coordination mechanisms, potentially resulting in duplicate supervision. This study proposes the concept of a Transitional Environmental Supervisory Authority based on the principles of “One Activity, One Lead Supervisory Authority” and “Coordinated Supervision” to strengthen legal certainty, institutional coordination, and continuity of environmental oversight. The proposed framework provides a regulatory perspective for resolving transitional supervision issues in environmental governance.]]>
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