<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the regulation of cohabitation under Article 412, examine the concept of conduct equivalent to cohabitation from the perspective of Islamic criminal law, and compare the two systems in terms of criminalization, proof, and sanctions. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Primary legal materials consist of Law Number 1 of 2023, Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and Aceh Qanun Number 6 of 2014 on Jinayat Law, while secondary materials comprise relevant books and scientific journal articles. The findings show that Article 412 treats cohabitation as an offense that may be prosecuted upon a complaint by specified parties, with a maximum penalty of six months’ imprisonment or a Category II fine. The phrase “living together as husband and wife outside marriage” still requires clearer parameters. From the perspective of Islamic criminal law, scholarly views differ: some approaches place conduct equivalent to cohabitation within ta’zir because it is not identical to zina, while other studies regard it as closely connected to zina. The comparison reveals differences in the basis of criminalization, evidentiary mechanisms, and sanction structures. This study recommends clearer parameters for Article 412 while maintaining legal certainty, proportionality, and attention to the characteristics of Islamic criminal law.]]>
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