<![CDATA[Placental disorders including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction (FGR), placenta previa, placental abruption, and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) are major contributors to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early risk detection is crucial for facilitating timely referrals, continuous surveillance, and preventive interventions. This review aims to synthesize recent evidence (2020–2026) regarding the clinical methods and diagnostic tools used to detect the risk of various placental disorders.Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Systematic searches were performed across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2020 and 2026. Studies were rigorously screened by title, abstract, and full-text to ensure they met predetermined eligibility criteria. Eight systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included in the final analysis. The findings were categorized into three primary themes: (1) the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and MRI for PAS, including the optimal timing of ultrasound screening; (2) the clinical utility of the sFlt-1/PlGF biomarker ratio in detecting FGR; and (3) the incidence rates and identifiable risk factors of vasa previa. Current evidence suggests that ultrasound provides strong diagnostic accuracy for PAS in at-risk women, performing comparably to MRI, while first-trimester scans offer earlier detection albeit with lower specificity. Additionally, the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio serves as a valuable adjunctive tool for FGR detection, and the majority of vasa previa cases present with identifiable risk factors that can be detected during routine prenatal scans.]]>
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