A Grey Relational Analysis Approach to Optimize FDM 3D Printing Parameters Using Open-Source Experimental Data

Sunardi Sunardi (Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta)

Formosa Journal of Science and Technology (FJST)
Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): April 2025

This study investigates the optimization of key process parameters in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) to enhance surface quality and mechanical properties. Using open-source data from 50 test runs, nine parameters were analyzed. Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) identified the optimal setting—layer height (0.02 mm), wall thickness (9 mm), 70% infill density, grid pattern, 215 °C nozzle, 75 °C bed, 40 mm/s speed, PLA material, and 75% fan speed—with a Gray Relational Grade of 0.8685. This configuration significantly improved surface roughness, tensile strength, and elongation. The findings provide a practical reference for improving FDM performance. Future research should explore advanced materials and multi-objective optimization for broader applicability.