Formosa Journal of Science and Technology (FJST)
Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): April 2026

The Difference in Effectiveness of Red Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and Green Grape (Vitis vinifera) Extracts on Tooth Discoloration During Teeth Whitening

Mirna Febriani (Department of Dental Materials and Dental Technology, Prof. Dr. Moestopo University)
Tuti Alawiyah (Department of Dental Materials and Dental Technology, Prof. Dr. Moestopo University)
Nety Trisnawaty (Department of Oral Biology, Prof. Dr. Moestopo University)



Article Info

Publish Date
11 Apr 2026

Abstract

Background: Tooth discoloration is a common aesthetic problem that can affect self-confidence. One solution to address this problem is tooth whitening, using either chemical or natural ingredients. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of red grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and green grape (Vitis vinifera) extracts on tooth discoloration during teeth whitening. Methods: This is a laboratory experimental study using a pre-test and post-test control group design. The samples used were 24 permanent first and second premolar teeth, which were soaked in red grape extract and green grape extract for 1, 3, and 5 hours. Tooth color measurements were carried out before and after immersion using a VITA Easyshade V digital spectrophotometer, based on the L (lightness), C (chroma), and H (hue) values. Results: The study showed that there was an increase in the L value and a decrease in the C and H values indicating a significant difference in tooth color (sig <0.05) in all immersion groups, both using red grape extract and green grape extract. The most significant increase in the L value occurred in the 5-hour immersion group with green grape extract juice. Conclusion: There is a difference in effectiveness between red grape extract and green grape extract in the tooth whitening process. Green grape extract is more effective as a natural external tooth whitening ingredient, especially with a longer immersion duration, because it is influenced by its active ingredients such as malic acid, vitamin C, flavonoids, and phenols, there is also a difference in pH value in both red grape extract and green grape extract. The pH value of green grape extract is lower than that of red grape extract

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Journal Info

Abbrev

fjst

Publisher

Subject

Humanities Computer Science & IT Education Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Social Sciences

Description

Formosa Journal of Science and Technology (FJST) is an open-access scientific journal that publishing full-length research papers and review articles covering subjects that fall under the wide spectrum of science and technology. FJST journal is dedicated towards dissemination of knowledge related to ...