This study examines the importance of energy efficiency in mosques in Indonesia as part of national sustainability initiatives. This research aims to develop and evaluate the performance of an IoT-based automation system designed to optimize electricity consumption. A prototype was developed using a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller integrated with light (LDR), temperature (DHT11), and motion (PIR) sensors. The ThingSpeak platform was utilized for real-time energy consumption monitoring and system control. Black-box functional testing indicates that the multi-sensor adaptive control mechanism operates with a 100% success rate. A comparison of energy consumption was conducted between a manual operational scenario and the automated system. Measurements show that energy consumption under manual operation reaches approximately 0.475 kWh per day. Following the implementation of the automated system, the average daily operational duration of the devices was reduced to approximately 25 minutes, resulting in a decrease in energy consumption to about 0.0396 kWh. Consequently, the system yields an estimated daily energy saving of nearly 92%. These findings demonstrate that IoT-based control has the potential to support energy management in mosques, in alignment with sustainable Green Building principles.
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