<![CDATA[This study aimed to improve student engagement in manipulative movement learning through game-based learning with a circuit format. Classroom action research was conducted with 28 first-grade students in Phase A at SDN Ngampel 3 Kota Kediri. The intervention used “Petualangan Bola”, a four-station game involving kicking targets, kicking through gates, throwing at targets, and throwing into an area. Data were collected through a 24-item engagement questionnaire, process observation, kicking and throwing performance assessment, and documentation. The questionnaire was administered with teacher support by reading and explaining each statement to accommodate first-grade students’ comprehension. Mean engagement increased from 59.18 at baseline to 65.39 in Cycle I and 70.00 in Cycle II. Manipulative movement performance increased from 64.23 to 68.57 and 71.18, while mastery increased from 0.00% to 35.71% and 71.43%. The initial 80% target was not achieved, and the high/very-high engagement categories could not be verified because their cut-off scores were not reported. The findings indicate descriptive improvement within one classroom rather than universal causal effectiveness.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
