<![CDATA[This study discusses the design and construction of a CNC router for PCB trace routing based on the Arduino UNO, using a NEMA 17 stepper motor and a 775 DC spindle. The machine was designed for a working area of 200 × 100 mm and tested on three types of PCB designs: PTH, SMD, and hybrid. Test results show the accuracy of axis movement after calibration, with average errors of 0.25% (X), -0.309% (Y), and 0.45% (Z). Testing of the PCB traces revealed that small traces (0.4–0.5 mm) exhibited significant deviations of up to 253%, while traces ≥1 mm in width were relatively accurate with errors <5%. The length and width dimensions of the PCB had very small errors (<0.6%), and all traces were successfully connected. Factors contributing to the deviations included the limitations of the timing belt-based mechanical system, the FlatCAM cutting parameters, and the machine’s body material. The results of this study indicate that an Arduino UNO-based CNC machine can be used for the production of simple PCBs with guaranteed connectivity, although improvements in accuracy are still needed for small-sized traces.]]>
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