Goodwood Akuntansi dan Auditing Reviu
Vol 5 No 1 (2026): November

Green Accounting, Green Intellectual Capital, and Carbon Emission Disclosure: Implications for Energy Sector Firm Value

Charina Oktariani Harahap (Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia)
Sahilly Dzulhasni (Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia)
Dian Nirmala Dewi (Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia)
Arif Makhsun (Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia)
Endah Yuni Puspitasari (Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
05 Nov 2026

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the associations of Green Accounting, Green Intellectual Capital, and Carbon Emission Disclosure with the firm value of IDX-listed energy companies during 2021–2024.Research Methodology: Annual and sustainability reports were analyzed using a Random Effect Model in EViews v13. Purposive sampling yielded 18 companies and 72 observations. Firm value is measured by PER, Green Accounting by an environmental-cost-to-profit ratio, and the other variables by disclosure indices.Results: Green Accounting has a positive significant coefficient (p = 0.0003). Green Intellectual Capital (p = 0.1823) and Carbon Emission Disclosure (p = 0.0902) are insignificant at 5%. The joint test is significant (p = 0.000685); weighted R-squared is 0.220581.Limitations: The four-year sample includes profitable companies. Investor perceptions, disclosure credibility, delayed benefits, and alternative error covariance structures are not directly evaluated.Conclusions: The measures have different valuation associations. Joint significance does not establish that every practice increases firm value or that their combination creates additional value.Contributions: The study provides Indonesian energy-sector evidence on the distinction between monetary environmental commitments and sustainability disclosure breadth in valuation.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

gaar

Publisher

Subject

Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Other

Description

Goodwood Akuntansi dan Auditing Reviu (GAAR) is a peer-reviewed, and scholarly journal published by Penerbit Goodwood. GAAR publishes high-quality research to answer important and interesting questions, develops or tests a theory, replicates prior studies, explores up-to-date phenomena, reviews and ...