<![CDATA[Conventional forklifts remain essential in facilities where replacing existing vehicles with purpose-built autonomous platforms is difficult. This study designed and functionally assessed a dual-mode retrofit for a conventional forklift with a stated lifting capacity of 3,500 kg, integrating wireless remote control and a camera-based line-detection interface for a predefined marked route. An engineering-development approach integrated steering-axle modification, electronically actuated braking, relay-based transmission selection, servo-assisted hydraulic control, dual microcontrollers, and Raspberry Pi image processing with OpenCV. Steering, braking, rotary-encoder, and hydraulic functions were each reported to operate normally during a 60-minute functional check, and seven remote-control commands produced satisfactory responses. The first-person-view (FPV) subsystem drew a reported 2.8–5.7 W across four transmitter settings, and a video image was received at each tested distance from 10 to 100 m. These results support preliminary electronic and mechanical integration, rather than validated autonomy or safe operation under rated load. Path-completion accuracy, loaded braking, obstacle response, operating throughput, and long-term reliability were not measured; the retrofit therefore requires further instrumented and controlled testing before operational benefits or safety can be established.]]>
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