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All Journal Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Device
Ayip Rivai Prabowo
Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Angkatan Laut
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Design and Functional Evaluation of a Dual-Mode Retrofit for Conventional Forklift Automation in Naval Warehousing Aris Tri Ika Rakhmadi; Ayip Rivai Prabowo
Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Device Vol. 4 No. 1 August 2026
Publisher : PT. Global Research Collaboration

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66314/joresd.v4i1.1715

Abstract

Conventional forklifts remain essential in facilities where replacing existing vehicles with purpose-built autonomous platforms is difficult. This study designed and functionally assessed a dual-mode retrofit for a conventional forklift with a stated lifting capacity of 3,500 kg, integrating wireless remote control and a camera-based line-detection interface for a predefined marked route. An engineering-development approach integrated steering-axle modification, electronically actuated braking, relay-based transmission selection, servo-assisted hydraulic control, dual microcontrollers, and Raspberry Pi image processing with OpenCV. Steering, braking, rotary-encoder, and hydraulic functions were each reported to operate normally during a 60-minute functional check, and seven remote-control commands produced satisfactory responses. The first-person-view (FPV) subsystem drew a reported 2.8–5.7 W across four transmitter settings, and a video image was received at each tested distance from 10 to 100 m. These results support preliminary electronic and mechanical integration, rather than validated autonomy or safe operation under rated load. Path-completion accuracy, loaded braking, obstacle response, operating throughput, and long-term reliability were not measured; the retrofit therefore requires further instrumented and controlled testing before operational benefits or safety can be established.
Co-Authors Aris Tri Ika Rakhmadi