Pembelajaran Mitigasi Bencana Berorientasi Kearifan Lokal pada Pelajaran IPA di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan

Maknun, Johar

ATIKAN
Vol 5, No 2 (2015)

RINGKASAN: Provinsi Jawa Barat termasuk daerah rawan bencana; dan minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat akan kebencanaan menyebabkan resiko bencana menjadi semakin tinggi. Masyarakat suatu daerah mempunyai kearifan lokal untuk mengurangi resiko bencana yang perlu digali dan disebarluaskan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran mitigasi bencana berorientasi kearifan lokal pada pelajaran IPA (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam) di SMK (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan). Tahap penelitian dikenal dengan istilah “model 4-p”, yaitu: pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan pendiseminasian. Peneliti telah berhasil menyusun perangkat PMBBKL (Pembelajaran Mitigasi Bencana Berorientasi Kearifan Lokal) pada pelajaran IPA di SMK. Materi pembelajaran yang dikembangkan antara lain: fenomena bencana alam; konsep mitigasi bencana; kearifan lokal; serta konsep mitigasi bencana gempa bumi, banjir, tanah longsor, gunung berapi, dan tsunami. Implementasi PMBBKL pada dua SMK di Jawa Barat menunjukan bahwa siswa yang menerapkan PMBBKL dengan pendekatan STM (Sains Teknologi Masyarakat) memiliki pemahaman mitigasi bencana lebih baik dibandingkan dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena pada pembelajaran tersebut ditunjukkan proses dan dampak bencana melalui berbagai media, termasuk kearifan lokal masyarakat agar terhindar dari bencana.KATA KUNCI: Mitigasi Bencana; Kearifan Lokal; Pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam; Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan; Pendekatan Sains Teknologi dan Masyarakat. ABSTRACT: “Learning of Disaster Mitigation Oriented Local Wisdom in the Science Lesson at the Secondary Vocational High School”. West Java is considered as one of disaster prone areas in Indonesia; in addition to that lack of people’s awareness and knowledge regarding to disaster is leading to higher susceptibility to disaster. Local community poses local wisdom to mitigate the risk of disaster and this local wisdom need to be elaborated and disseminated to broader community. The objective of this research is to develop set of learning tools to mitigate the disaster in the Science subject for the pupils of Secondary Vocational High School. The model of 4-d consists of four stages, namely: definition, design, develop, and disseminate. Researcher had developed set of learning tools to mitigate the disaster in the Science subject, based on the local wisdom to mitigate the disaster in the community. The learning materials consist of: disaster phenomena; local wisdom; and disaster mitigation concept to cope with various disasters, such as earthquake, flooding, landslide, volcano eruption, and tsunami. The implementation of that subject to two Secondary Vocational High Schools in West Java showed that students which enroll to that class which is taught the disaster mitigation materials in Science subject based on STS (Sci­ence Technology Society) poses better comprehension of the disaster mitigation concept compared to other class which is taught by conventional Science subject. This result is possible due to the reason that in the learning process, the teacher taught the students by utilizing the learning materials through various media, including the community’s local wisdom to cope with the disaster. KEY WORD: Disaster Mitigations; Local Wisdom; Science Subject; Students of Secondary Vocational High School; Approach of Sci­ence Technology Society.About the Author: Dr. Johar Maknun adalah Dosen pada Departemen Pendidikan Teknik Arsitektur FPTK UPI (Fakultas Pendidikan Teknik dan Kejuruan, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia), Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi No.229 Bandung 40154, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Alamat emel: [e-mail] to cite this article? Maknun, Johar. (2015). “Pembelajaran Mitigasi Bencana Berorientasi Kearifan Lokal pada Pelajaran IPA di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan” in ATIKAN: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan, Vol.5(2) December, pp.143-156. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press, ISSN 2088-1290. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (October 15, 2015); Revised (November 15, 2015); and Published (December 30, 2015).