KARAKTERISASI NANOSTRUKTUR KARBON DARI GRAFIT HASIL MILLING[Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon from Graphite as Milling Product]

Yunasfi, Yunasfi

Metalurgi
Vol 27, No 3 (2012): Metalurgi Vol.27 No.3 Desember 2012

KARAKTERISASI NANOSTRUKTUR KARBON DARI GRAFIT HASIL MILLING. Telah dilakukankarakterisasi nanostruktur karbon dari grafit hasil milling. Nanostruktur karbon dibuat melalui proses millingdengan teknik high energy milling (HEM) terhadap serbuk grafit dengan variasi waktu milling antara 25 jamsampai 100 jam. Serbuk grafit hasil milling kemudian diidentifikasi fasanya dengan metoda difraktometer sinarx(XRD), ukuran partikel yang terbentuk dengan metoda particle size analyzer (PSA) dan diamati secara detiltopologinya dengan metoda transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hasil identifikasi fasa terhadap serbukgrafit hasil milling menunjukkan bahwa hanya muncul puncak difraksi C(002) dan C(004). Hal ini menunjukkanbahwa struktur grafit masih didominasi oleh fasa heksagonal. Intensitas puncak difraksi ini semakin rendahseiring dengan bertambahnya waktu milling. Hasil analisa dengan PSA menunjukkan terbentuknya karbonnanostruktur hasil milling, dimana ditunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel karbon semakin kecil seiring denganpeningkatan waktu milling, yaitu dari 540 nm (25 jam) menjadi 190 nm (75 jam). Hasil analisa TEMmenunjukkan adanya serat-serat pipih panjang berukuran diameter 10 - 75 nm dan panjang 20 - 200 nm.Kuantitas serat karbon ini semakin banyak seiring dengan peningkatan waktu milling. Hal ini menunjukkanbahwa akibat adanya tumbukan antara partikel karbon dengan bola-bola milling selama proses millingmengakibatkan penghancuran partikel-partikel karbon sampai ke ukuran nano serta pembentukan serat karbon. AbstractCharacterization of nanostructured carbon from graphite as milling product of High Energy Milling (HEM)technique was carried out. Nanostructured Carbon was prepared by milling process against the graphitepowder with various of milling time between 25 hours up to 100 hours. A milled graphite powder was thenidentified their phase by using phase identification with X-Ray Diffractometer methods, formed particle sizewas measured by Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and the detail phase including the tophology andmeasurement of particle size were observed with Transmission Electron Scanning (TEM) methods. Theresult of identification phase of the graphite powder milling results showed that the intensity of diffractionpeaks which appear only diffraction peaks for carbon C(002) C(004) and C(110), while for other atoms donot identified. This indicates that the graphite structure is still dominated by the hexagonal phase. Theintensity of diffraction peaks is lower along with increasing milling time. PSA analysis result shows theformation of carbon nanostructure as the result of milling process, which the carbon particle size decreaseswith the increasing of milling time; from 540 nm (25 hours) to 190 nm (75 hours). TEM analysis resultshows the existence of long small fiber with the size of 10 – 75 nm and the length of 20 – 200 nm. Thisshows that the result of collisions between particles of graphite powder with milling balls during millingprocess, resulting in the destruction of the graphite particles until nano size and also in the forming of carbonfiber.