Design Journal, e-ISSN: 2964-6227 and p-ISSN: 2964-805X is a free and open-access journal published by the Research Division, YPMMA Institute, Indonesia. Design Journal is a well-established, leading international peer-reviewed journal covering many aspects of design. The journal is published two times a year and provides a lively forum for a broad audience of design scholars, researchers, practitioners, educators and managers worldwide. It aims to publish thought-provoking work which will have a direct impact on design knowledge and which challenges assumptions and methods, while being open-minded about the evolving role of design. The Design Journal is a well-established, leading international peer-reviewed journal covering many aspects of design. The journal is published two times a year and provides a lively forum for a broad audience of design scholars, researchers, practitioners, educators and managers worldwide. It aims to publish thought-provoking work which will have a direct impact on design knowledge and which challenges assumptions and methods, while being open-minded about the evolving role of design. To be considered for publication, articles must clearly articulate their relevance to either design practice, design research, design theory, design management or design education. We welcome high quality, original articles in the form of: Design Research Papers – primary research with specific methods findings and results Design Propositions – critical design, speculative design, propositional design – non-commercial, practice-based explorations that address significant contemporary issues in design and through design. Design Perspectives – position papers and philosophical discussions by experienced academics offering their perspectives on important design-related issues.