Focus The Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Health Science (InaBHS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to advancing knowledge and research in the fields of biomedicine and health sciences. Our primary aim is to provide a platform for researchers, academics, and practitioners to disseminate their original research findings and to facilitate the exchange of scientific information that is relevant to human health and disease. We strive to publish high-quality research that contributes to the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases, with a particular focus on topics relevant to the Indonesian and international health landscape. Scope InaBHS welcomes the submission of original research articles, review articles, and case reports. The scope of the journal is interdisciplinary and covers a wide range of topics within the biomedical and health sciences, including but not limited to: Biomedical Sciences: Anatomy Biochemistry Biomedical Genetics Biotechnology Cell and Molecular Biology Histology Immunology Microbiology Pathology Pharmacology and Toxicology Physiology Health Sciences: Epidemiology Global Health Health Policy and Management Public Health and Community Medicine The journal encourages submissions that have a clear clinical or public health relevance. We are particularly interested in studies that address prevalent health issues in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, as well as those that explore the use of local resources in health and medicine.