The International Journal of Economics and Development (IJED) aims to advance theoretical and empirical research in the fields of economics and development. The journal provides a global forum for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to engage with current debates and emerging issues in economic theory, policy, and practice. Focus IJED focuses on high-quality research that contributes to the understanding of economic systems and development processes at local, national, regional, and global levels. The journal encourages interdisciplinary and comparative approaches, particularly those integrating perspectives from social sciences, Islamic studies, environmental studies, and public policy. Scope The scope of the journal includes, but is not limited to, the following themes: Microeconomics and macroeconomics Economic development and sustainable growth Development economics and planning International trade, investment, and finance Islamic economics and Sharia-compliant finance Public sector economics and governance Fiscal and monetary policy Poverty alleviation and income inequality Rural and regional development Innovation, entrepreneurship, and productivity Labor economics, human capital, and education Financial institutions, markets, and digital finance Environmental and resource economics Economic resilience, crisis, and recovery strategies