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Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum

jcef
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 25811037 EISSN : 25495925 DOI : -

Core Subject : Social, Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Environmental Science

Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum (JCEF) is a four-monthly journal on Civil Engineering and Environmental related sciences. The journal was established in 1992 as Forum Teknik Sipil, a six-monthly journal published in Bahasa Indonesia, where the first publication was issued as Volume I/1 - January 1992 under the name of Forum Teknik Sipil.

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Articles 225 Documents

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ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVE RAINFALL INTENSITY AND WORKING RAINFALL FOR BASIC WARNING CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT ON LAHAR FLOW EVENT Fitriyadi Fitriyadi
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum VOLUME: XXII/1 - January 2013
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.18916

After the eruption of Mount Merapi in October-November 2010, at least 140 million m3 volcanic material piled on the back of Merapi and some flows shortly on and after the eruption through the rivers that disgorge on peak of Merapi. To date, the impact from the silting of the river and falling volcanic material from the top of Merapi cause lahar flood which swept through areas far enough from the peak of Merapi. Given the dangers and impact caused by the lahar flow, as well as the limitations of existing data, the simplest method by perform rainfall data analysis is expected to predict lahar flow events in Gendol river.The analysis method performed by setting of standard rainfall for warning and evacuation were used for prediction of sediment disasters based on Guidelines for Development of Warning and Evacuation System Against sediment Disasters in Developing Countries, published by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan, namely: (1) specifies serial rain which total amount of rain ≥ 80 mm, (2) Calculations on working rainfall (RW) and working antecedent rainfall (RWA), (3) Calculation on effective rainfall (RE), effective time, and effective rainfall intensity (IE), (4) Make a graph of effective rainfall intensity and working rainfall, (5) Predict the potential for debris flow by calculating the probability of debris flow occurrence on Gendol river.The research results showed that the number of reviewed serial rain with total value ≥ 80 mm is 9.28% of the whole serial rain, and 12.5% of them caused lahar flow in Gendol River. Debris flow occurrence probability on total rainfall amount of ≥ 80 mm that may occur on Gendol River amounted to 1.89%. This value represents less possibility of debris flow in Gendol River, this is due to the rain conditions in the Gendol Watershed different from the situation in Japan as well as the limitations of the available data. It is recommended for further research on the limitation of total rainfall in accordance with the conditions in Gendol Watershed by considering other parameters becoming the lahar flow controller factor. Further, it is necessary to perform the analysis using rain catchment method by averaging rainfall values on each of serial rain.

THE FLEXURAL STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY OF ALBASIA NAIL-LAMINATED BEAM J.A. Tjondro; H. Budianto; W. Aryakusuma
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Volume: XX/1 - September 2011
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

The horizontally and vertically nail-laminated beams were tested in this experimental study. Twelve specimens of horizontally nail-laminated beam with the same cross section and variation of four nail spacings were tested. Nine specimens of vertically nail-laminated beam with the same nail spacing and three variations of cross sections, namely rectangular, I and box also were investigated. The hardwood fast growing species, Albasia (Albizia Falcata) was used. All specimens were made from four Albasia wood planks with approximately has the same cross section area. The flexural strength, rigidity and ductility of beams were investigated. The vertically nail-laminated beam has greater strength and rigidity than horizontally nail-laminated beam, but less in ductility.

Identification of Water Quality Significant Parameter with Two Transformation/Standardization Methods on Principal Component Analysis and Scilab Software Jovan Putranda; Sri Puji Saraswati
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 2 No. 3 (September 2016)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Water quality monitoring is prone to encounter error on its recording or measuring process. The monitoring on river water quality not only aims to recognize the water quality dynamic, but also to evaluate the data to create river management policy and water pollution in order to maintain the continuity of human health or sanitation requirement, and biodiversity preservation. Evaluation on water quality monitoring needs to be started by identifying the important water quality parameter. This research objected to identify the significant parameters by using two transformation or standardization methods on water quality data, which are the river Water Quality Index, WQI (Indeks Kualitas Air, Sungai, IKAs) transformation or standardization method and transformation or standardization method with mean 0 and variance 1; so that the variability of water quality parameters could be aggregated with one another. Both of the methods were applied on the water quality monitoring data which its validity and reliability have been tested. The PCA, Principal Component Analysis (Analisa Komponen Utama, AKU), with the help of Scilab software, has been used to process the secondary data on water quality parameters of Gadjah Wong river in 2004-2013, with its validity and reliability has been tested. The Scilab result was cross examined with the result from the Excel-based Biplot Add In software. The research result showed that only 18 from total 35 water quality parameters that have passable data quality. The two transformation or standardization data methods gave different significant parameter type and amount result. On the transformation or standardization mean 0 variances 1, there were water quality significant parameter dynamic to mean concentration of each water quality parameters, which are TDS, SO4, EC, TSS, NO3N, COD, BOD5, Grease Oil and NH3N. On the river WQI transformation or standardization, the water quality significant parameter showed the level of Gadjah Wong River pollution, which are EC, DO, BOD5, COD, NH3N, Fecal Coliform, and Total Coliform. These seven parameters is the minimal amount of water quality parameters that has to be consistently measured on predetermined time and location, and also become the indicator of human health and environment health quality. The result of Scilab multivariate analysis was not different with the result from Biplot Add In multivariate analysis, in which the results of water quality significant parameter has been verified with bio-monitoring.

A REVIEW OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL PLAN IN JAVA ISLAND: A COMPARISON WITH EXISTING MODES OF TRANSPORT Eko Hartono; Imam Muthohar
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum VOLUME: XXII/3 - SEPTEMBER 2013
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

In order to provide better transportation systems, Indonesian Government is planning to develop a new high-speed rail system in Java that will connect two biggest cities in Java Island, Jakarta and Surabaya, with approximately 685 kilometers of entirely new track. This paper reviewed the Indonesian Government’s plan to develop the high-speed rail in term of comparison to existing modes of transport.This study employs demands projection of high-speed rail using JETRO method and benchmarking from other countries’ high speed rails. Furthermore, air pollution caused by transport mode was calculated based on the emission factor from CACP & CNT. The last is generalized cost that considers total time to travel as value of money.It can be concluded that journey time and fare of the high-speed rail is very competitive to the air transport in Jakarta-Surabaya corridor. The journey time to travel from Jakarta to Surabaya is 4 hours and 19 minutes by high-speed train and 4 hours and 40 minutes by air. Based on the benchmarking analysis, the suitable fare for the high-speed rail should be 70% of the air transport. This study predicted that 61% of air passenger, 18% of conventional rail passenger and 12% of bus passenger will switch to the high-speed rail service in 2020. In total, the high-speed rail will have 24% of market share for the passenger transport and becomes the second largest market share after road transport (52%). The conventional rail and air transport have 14% and 9% of total market share to travel from Jakarta to Surabaya and vice versa. The high-speed rail development reduces carbon emissions caused by transportation systems in Java Island. It has been calculated that there are 2.542 million tonnages of CO2 per annum without introducing high-speed rail, however, the CO2 emissions decrease to 1.694 million tonnages per annum if the high-speed rail is developed in Java Island. Generalized cost of the high-speed rail is higher than road and conventional rail. However, it is lower than air transport.Keywords: Java high-speed rail, HSR Comparison, modal share, journey time

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE PERFORMANCE USING FINITE ELEMENT APPROACH Y. H. Parjoko
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Volume: XXI/1 - January 2012
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

This study aims to understand the effect of applying several parameters: different axle load configuration, concrete properties, subgrade properties, slab thickness, joint characteristics, shoulder construction, bounded HMA overlay on concrete pavement, and bounded and unbounded CTB foundation over subgrade on the fatigue and erosion related distresses in concrete pavements. KENSLAB, an elaborate finite element program is used to determine the concrete pavement responses: stresses and deflection under the defined parameters. The results obtained using this software is relatively close to known theoretical Westergaard solutions. Several other findings related to pavement performance and behavior are made through this study. Multiple axle configurations is less damaging than single axle configuration in terms of fatigue life. Increasing the thickness is very effective in reducing the edge stress. Using concrete with higher modulus of elasticity brings only a small increase to the edge stress. Increasing the slab thickness is the most effective way to increase the fatigue life. Increasing subgrade modulus is more effective in reducing corner deflection than decreasing edge stress. The availability of tied shoulder construction gives significant impact in both reducing edge stress and corner deflection. The debonding condition between layers has a significant effect on pavement responses. Keywords: Concrete pavement, fatigue failure, erosion failure, finite element, KENSLAB.

Analysis of Runoff due to The Change in Land Use at The Watershed of Upstream Ciliwung Dwi Indriastuti
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 2 No. 1 (January 2016)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Climate change has triggered extreme climate such as rising temperature, high rainfall intensity, rising sea water level, drought, and others (Thuc, 2014). Challenges of sustainable development are increases in various disasters, climate change and global crisis such as land use change, soil quality degradation, limited water and mineral, environmental pollution, and decreasing in biodiversity. The cause of flooding in Jakarta is due to the overflow of Ciliwung River. The changes of land use greatly affect Ciliwung River flow. Land degradation in upstream of Ciliwung watershed (Puncak area) has triggered new problem, annual flooding, especially in downstream area. The change of surface which cannot accommodate water, increasing runoff, moreover, the change of land condition which easily saturated, greatly affected the runoff conditions in Ciliwung watershed. This research using HEC-HMS software in order to know how the land uses changes and rainfall intensity affected the runoff. By using land use maps in 2000, 2005, 2010, and rainfall data in 5 (five) rainfall station near location from 1996 to 2013, it can be known how the runoff changes. Parameter calibration is done with measured discharge in Katulampa weir for each occurrence. The parameter value used in simulation later is the real value approach. Simulation by HEC HMS using CN of Spatial Planning in Ciliwung upstream area and rainfall 25 years return period gives that the highest discharge is 226.25 m3/second and water level reaches to 317 cm. If included into the alert in Katulampa weir, then the condition faces to Alert 1 for during ±6 hours.

EVALUATION OF SOIL EMBANKMENT MASS MOVEMENT BY USING SUBDRAIN SYSTEM AND REINFORCEMENT BASED ON THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SEMARANG-SOLO TOLL ROAD Syahbudin Dayanun; Ahmad Rifa’i; Kabul Basah Suryolelono
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum VOLUME: XXIII/1 - JANUARY 2014
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Semarang-Solo highway is a part of Trans Java Toll Road System, which in construction stage has soil embankment mass movement between Sta. 5+ 500, -5+800 part II Gedawang-Penggaron. In this case, research is conducted to again effective and efficient solution. The research object is soil embankment which moved on site. The research aim is to identify the cause of soil embankment mass movement, to know the effect of sub drain system to soil movement and also to provide alternative solution. Slope stability analysis was solved by Plaxis, based on topography, investigation data and field instrumentation after gain the validation result with accuracy of soil movement on horizontal direction of the slope, continued by simulation with variants model which affected by strength, loading combination (traffic load), water level (dry and raining season), sub drain system and earthquake. Horizontal movement result of simulation can be seen in location of inclinometer 4.The research result shown that soil movement pattern which strengthened with bored pile is sliding combination type of translation and rotation. The strengthened soil embankment mass with bored pile apparently still has movement as 0,246 m with SF 1,448. Due to traffic load, horizontal movement is 0,322 m with SF 1,368 where water level located in 5,5 m at BM 10 and 3,5 m at BM 11 and sub drain is pointed in 4 m mean depth. When rainy season the horizontal movement increase 0,324 m with SF 1,321 while in dry season become 0,320 m with SF 1,479. When sub drain existing reduce in average 2,0 m so horizontal movement also decrease as 0,254 m with SF 1,465. Earthquake simulation shown maximum horizontal movement is 1,422 m with SF 1,193. As alternative to minimize horizontal movement which cause by earthquake can be solved by reduce embankment height from 25,72 m to 20,72 m, simulation result provide horizontal deformation as 0,703 m with SF 1,567. In hence the existence of sub drain construction able to reduce horizontal movement of soil embankment mass in which increase the safety factor, reduction of embankment height also show positive impact and significant to horizontal movement due to earthquake.Keyword : soil mass movement, Plaxis program, sub drain system

PERFORMANCE OF REPRESENTATIVE UNIT HYDROGRAPH DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT NUMBER OF CASES Sri Harto Br; Ika Tyasning Yudiyanti; Revianti Coenraad
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Volume: XXI/2 - May 2012
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Unit Hydrograph (UH) theory is known as the old theory applied in designing water works. This has been developed by Sherman 80 years ago, but up to now its merit is still studied all over the world. Even the last publication was found in the year 2009. There are some numbers of questions following its applications. One major problem is the number of cases used in deriving observed UH to obtain the representative unit hydrograph. Studies have been done in some catchments in Central Java and in Yogyakarta special territory, by comparing design discharge calculated with representative UH derived from several cases and the discharge obtained from frequency analysis. The result showed that representative UH derived from 10 cases or more give more or less constant deviation. Keywords: Unit Hydrograph, Representative Unit Hydrograph, Linearity.

Study on the Performance of Wonogiri Reservoir as Flood Control Structure Alexander Armin Nugroho
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 1 No. 3 (September 2015)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

The Wonogiri reservoir was built with a primary function as flood control, especially in areas prone to flooding along the Bengawan Solo River. To find out the performance of the Wonogiri reservoir in flood control of Bengawan Solo, a study was conducted on flood hydrograph characteristics of the reservoir inflow by considering the contribution inflow from all sub-watersheds in the reservoir catchment area, at the end of December 2007. Calculation analysis flood hydrograph of Wonogiri Reservoir inflow is done with the calibration of Wuryantoro and Keduang sub-watersheds. Results of the calibration were then used reference to simulate flood hydrograph inflow in each sub-watershed catchment areas. Flood routing in the reservoir was done with the assumption that the inflow of the reservoir was left to face up a height of water in the reservoir 135.3 m (the lower flood control limit) and 138.3 m (the upper flood control limit) and then the spillway gates full-opening. Results of this research indicated that the maximum discharge inflow into the reservoir on the event of Wonogiri flood at the end of December 2007 was ranged from 3,331 to 4,993 m3/s; and it was occurred on December 26, 2007 at between 04:00 - 06:00 am. The most dominant flood hydrograph contribution into the reservoir was derived from Keduang sub-watershed. The flood in the reservoir was simulated as that the spillway gates were closed until water level of reservoir reached the minimum height of 135.3 m and 138.3 m and only until then the spillway gates full-opening. The reservoir water level reached 135.47 m on December 26, 2007 at 6:00 am and outflow was generated when the gates opened to reach 550 m3/s and then increased up to 642 m3/s at 14:00 after then it gradually decreases. The water level simulation was unable to reach 138.3 m because up to December 27, 2007 at 23:00 the water level reservoir reaches only 136.44 m. The Wonogiri reservoir flood control function still can run well and able to reduce the peak flood of 85%.

Flood Inundation Prediction of Logung River due to the Break of Logung Dam Listyo Rini Ekaningtyas
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 3 No. 2 (May 2017)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

The construction of Logung Dam in Kudus Regency is aimed to reduce the inundation area at downstream of Logung River, particularly during the rainy season. Besides, the potential water of Logung Dam is used for for irrigation and non-irrigation services. In order to mitigate the flood disaster that may arise in the downstream area, various preparedness should be established including the identification of flood hazard characteristics that may be caused by the break of the Logung Dam. This paper presents the results of Logung Dam break analysis using the levee pool routing model and the 2-D channel routing of the HEC-RAS 5.0 Version software. The initial value of breach parameter was calculated using the Froehlich’s equation, and variation of breaking times (1, 2, and 3 hours) were applied to study the generated hydrograph based on the corresponding elevation-storage curve. Furthermore, the simulation of channel routing at downstream of the dam was carried out in three different scenarios based on the bridges condition at downstream of the Logung Dam. Scenario 1 assumed that bridges will be safe enough against flood. Scenario 2 assumed that the bridges would only be safe at flood with return period lower than 20 years, whereas the scenario 3 assumed that bridges would be collapsed due to the flood at design flood with several return periods. The simulation results showed that the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) with peak discharge of 1,303.60 m3/s did not generate overtopping. The peak discharge through the dam body was 15,022 m3/s at the first 40 minutes. It took 7 hours and 30 minutes to decrease the water level of the reservoir from +95.2 m to +38 m. In scenario 2, the simulation used 20 years return period flood with velocity in cross section before the Bridge RS 3700 was 7.21 m/s and before Bridge RS 6800 was 5.72 m/s. Furthermore, the 2-D simulation results showed that at the near downstream of the Logung Dam, the maximum depth was 55 m and the maximum velocity was 39 m/s. Several prone areas to flood caused by the dam break are the villages at the left side of the downstream Logung River including Bulung Cangkring, Bulung Kulon, Sidomulyo, Pladen and Jekulo village.

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