Ius Humani. Law Journal
Ius Humani Law Journal is a platform (iushumani.org) open to researchers around the world. It contains articles in all languages, where writers publish original studies on persons rights (natural, human or constitutional) and about the effective procedures for the protection of rights. The studies are viewed both form the philosophical perspective and the perspective of the fundamental juridical principles. Ius Humani’s purpose is the diffusion of knowledge, and the promotion of debate on different juridical perspectives.
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<![CDATA[Ecuadorian Legal Regime of Foster Care: Advances and Lagoons ]]>
<![CDATA[Juan Andrés Jaramillo Valdivieso]]>;
<![CDATA[Jorge Alberto Maldonado]]>
<![CDATA[ Ius Humani. Jornal do direito Vol 8 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universidad Hemisferios ]]>
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DOI: 10.31207/ih.v8i0.203
<![CDATA[Es imperiosa la necesidad de inserción en hogares adecuados de aquellos niños que se hallan en centros de acogida o en situación riesgosa en sus hogares, con el fin de precautelar la integridad de aquellos y su correcto desarrollo. Esta decisión de acogimiento reviste una gran importancia en la vida del menor que claramente afectará a su desarrollo de una manera positiva o negativa. Por ello, el presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la medida del Acogimiento Familiar de niños o adolescentes desde un punto de vista doctrinario y legislativo, así como su aplicación en el Ecuador. Para ello se usó metodología cualitativa con método de investigación analítico sintético. La estructura del artículo, luego de la introducción, inicia con la conceptualización del acogimiento familiar, resaltando sus características, finalidad así al menor de edad que es sujeto de esta medida; luego se examina las modalidades de acogimiento familiar haciendo énfasis en aquel que se lo realiza en familia extensa; luego se analizan las condiciones requeridas, para finalizar los derechos y responsabilidades del menor acogido. El trabajo concluye, principalmente, que a pesar del desconocimiento aún existente en nuestro país sobre esta medida, el acogimiento familiar aplicado correctamente beneficiará a un sinnúmero de menores que se encuentran en riesgo precautelando su integridad física y mental.]]>
<![CDATA[La tolerancia en el contexto del interculturalismo ]]>
<![CDATA[José Antonio Santos Arnaiz]]>
<![CDATA[ Ius Humani. Jornal do direito Vol 8 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universidad Hemisferios ]]>
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DOI: 10.31207/ih.v8i0.212
<![CDATA[From the perspective of interculturalism, this paper analyzes the importance of the authentic tolerance as a necessary element for a better integration of minorities in the context of postliberal states. Tolerance is understood as an unavoidable requirement for an authentic development of an open society, linked to a concept of freedom that advocates an understanding on an equal footing between different cultures including minority ones. The methodology consists in developing the concept of tolerance in relation to minorities using multidisciplinary references. The article has been divided into four sections: In the first section, it analyzes the context of tolerance from the perspective of interculturalism. The second section explains the authentic tolerance as an element for the integration of minorities in open societies. The third section tries to offer answers to the tolerance-freedom pairing. Finally, the fourth section draws some conclusions.]]>
<![CDATA[Institutional Framework: Intellectual Property and the Impact on Import and Export Operations in Ecuador ]]>
<![CDATA[Paulina Valle Segura]]>;
<![CDATA[Rubén Méndez Reátegui]]>
<![CDATA[ Ius Humani. Jornal do direito Vol 8 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universidad Hemisferios ]]>
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DOI: 10.31207/ih.v8i0.202
<![CDATA[El artículo introduce una revisión a partir del análisis económico del derecho. En ese sentido, analiza la aplicación de medidas en frontera en términos de “el derecho y sus consecuencias”. Este mecanismo de precaución aplicado por las aduanas en los límites aéreos, marítimos y terrestres prevén la suspensión del despacho de aduanas de las mercancías que puedan infringir. Recurre por lo tanto al método teórico-descriptivo para efectuar una descripción consistente en un contexto donde existen amplios incentivos perversos para la importación y/o exportación de copias no autorizadas. La primera sección se enfoca en la facilitación contra el reglamento y el control aduanero del comercio. A continuación, la segunda parte aborda la relevancia del control aduanero de bienes de importación y exportación en ecuador. La tercera explora la trascendencia de las medidas en frontera (ámbito penal y competencia desleal). La cuarta sección considera en un sentido teórico el impacto en los costos de transacción en las operaciones de importación y exportación. Finalmente, el documento desarrolla una comparación entre normas y procedimientos nacionales con el tipo de solicitud de medida de frontera realizada por otros países de la comunidad andina de naciones unidas. Se concluye que la adopción del mecanismo puede generar altos costos administrativos y de transacción en las operaciones de importación y exportación, debido a la ausencia de reglas del juego y procedimientos automatizados más eficientes y bajo un esquema de mejora continua.]]>
<![CDATA[The Right to Life and Health of Abandoned Neonates in Ecuador ]]>
<![CDATA[Jorge Luis Cueva Flores]]>;
<![CDATA[Carmen Avelina Eguiguren Eguiguren]]>
<![CDATA[ Ius Humani. Jornal do direito Vol 8 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universidad Hemisferios ]]>
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DOI: 10.31207/ih.v8i0.207
<![CDATA[El abandono de recién nacidos es una problemática a nivel mundial que debería provocar reflexión social y jurídica, a fin de obtener la protección del neonato. Ecuador no es una excepción y anualmente se reportan abandonos de neonatos en condiciones alarmantes. La metodología usada consiste en un análisis sobre la vulnerabilidad de neonatos abandonados basado en casos reales, donde se observa la experiencia de los buzones estatales para su acogida. Tal problemática se analiza en el siguiente orden: Después de una breve la introducción, se aborda teóricamente el derecho a la vida y al cuidado frente al abandono de neonatos. En el siguiente capítulo se trata de las obligaciones legales e institucionales estatales con respecto al niño. A continuación se tratan sobre el acogimiento institucional estatal, sobre la viabilidad jurídica de establecer buzones para entregar bebés en Ecuador en condiciones seguras, y terminamos con una conclusiones sintéticas. El estudio exploratorio busca definir cuán viable es replicar en el Ecuador el proyecto de buzones estatales para entregar bebés en condiciones seguras, a fin de proteger la vida e integridad del niño, en cuanto son constitucionalmente protegidos. Para ello, resulta necesario la despenalización del abandono de neonatos en condiciones seguras.]]>
<![CDATA[Confluencias de la doctrina jurídica de la Corte Constitucional ecuatoriana 2008-2018: Análisis de redes ]]>
<![CDATA[Efrén Ernesto Guerrero Salgado]]>;
<![CDATA[Jefferson Macías Quisaguano]]>
<![CDATA[ Ius Humani. Jornal do direito Vol 8 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universidad Hemisferios ]]>
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DOI: 10.31207/ih.v8i0.210
<![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the patterns of interaction of the doctrine in the jurisprudence of the Ecuadorian Constitutional Court 2008-2018 using the methodology of social network analysis. The doctrine is the set of studies, criticism and analysis of a scientific nature carried out by jurists regarding the Law. In that order of things, the role of “what is read and cited” is vital to understand the epistemological context used in the interpretation of Law, especially scenarios in which constitutional canonical texts can be a value-centered interpretation. In this text, a review was carried out through the methodology of social network analysis, identifying central authors and accelerators of the flow of information, in order to find if there is a common “line of knowledge” used by the Ecuadorian Constitutional Court. It is concluded that a) there is a network of authors in the judgments of the Constitutional Court between the years 2008-2018; b) preponderance of certain main doctrinaires; and, c) a well-connected network of sentences that use doctrine as a tool to proceed, or to improve the quality of the obiter dicta, an element that constitutes a new space for legal analysis and monitoring of the decisions of the High Courts.]]>
<![CDATA[La libertad religiosa en Estados Unidos: Una perspectiva internacional ]]>
<![CDATA[John Witte, Jr.]]>
<![CDATA[ Ius Humani. Jornal do direito Vol 8 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universidad Hemisferios ]]>
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DOI: 10.31207/ih.v8i0.217
<![CDATA[This Article compares United States religious freedom jurisprudence with prevailing international human rights norms. I distill these international religious freedom norms and evaluate how selected US Supreme Court cases both follow and depart from these norms. Part I identifies six principles of religious freedom defended by the American framers who crafted the First Amendment in 1791: liberty of conscience; free exercise of religion; religious pluralism; religious equality; separation of church and state; and no establishment of religion. Part II summarizes the mostly parallel norms of religious freedom in the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the 1981 UN Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, and the 1989 Vienna Concluding Document. Part III shows how the US Court’s cases on freedom of conscience, free exercise, and religious equality compare favorably to international standards, although some religious minorities have often not fared well. Some of the Court’s cases defending the principle of separation of church and state mesh well with international concerns for religious autonomy. But the Court’s establishment clause cases have gone well beyond international norms in expunging religion from public schools and removing state aid for religious groups and services. The Article concludes that religious freedom remains a strong constitutional value in American law and culture, but it needs to be better integrated; international religious freedom norms offer valuable lessons to that end.]]>
<![CDATA[Terminación de las obligaciones contractuales en el código civil de ucrania ]]>
<![CDATA[Anatoliy Kostruba]]>
<![CDATA[ Ius Humani. Jornal do direito Vol 8 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universidad Hemisferios ]]>
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DOI: 10.31207/ih.v8i0.218
<![CDATA[A contract is a means for self-organization and self-regulation of civil and legal relations between parties in the Civil Code of Ukraine. A distinguishing feature of a contractual obligation is the dependence of the beginning of a legal fact in its structure on the lawful will of a party (act) to a legal transaction or objective circumstance of reality (events). The objective of the paper is to study the mechanism of termination of obligations by determining the legal framework for its functioning. The specificity of legal facts of normative-compensating nature was determined by the use of normative and protective functions in the legislation. Civil property and its legal regulation of relations are aimed at achieving the legal result determined by their participants at the stage of the exercise of rights. The study reveals that the compensating effect of the legal termination mechanism is expressed at the stage of legal termination, which involves compensating the inability to correct a defect of a legal fact that hinders the achievement of a goal of legal regulation when exercising the right to the start of an anticipated legal effect according to a legal model of legal subjects accepted by the participants of the civil relations. The author dwells upon one of the forms of termination of contractual obligations, more specifically, on the beginning of cancellation and on the deferred status of a legal transaction.]]>
<![CDATA[Desistance in cases of failed attempt, with the possibility of still performing a criminal offence ]]>
<![CDATA[Santiago Betancourt]]>
<![CDATA[ Ius Humani. Jornal do direito Vol 8 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universidad Hemisferios ]]>
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DOI: 10.31207/ih.v8i0.220
<![CDATA[El siguiente artículo tiene como objetivo abordar el dilema que supone la exclusión (o no) del privilegio del desistimiento en la tentativa fracasada del delito, existiendo la posibilidad de realizar aún el tipo y proponer una solución. Para ello se utilizó el método de investigación analítico sintético. La estructura del artículo, luego de la introducción, inicia con el tratamiento de cuestiones generales sobre la tentativa, y los argumentos que la doctrina utiliza para justificar la punibilidad de la tentativa. En la segunda parte, se trata el desistimiento y su naturaleza contraria a la tentativa y las posiciones doctrinales que han justificado la (no) punibilidad del desistimiento. Finalmente, se plantea el conflicto existente en los supuestos de tentativa inacabada-fracasada impropia, las soluciones doctrinales planteadas, y los criterios jurisprudenciales; concluyendo así, que no resultan suficientes, por lo que se propone un sistema propio de solución al conflicto con la aplicación de un sistema de circunstancias modificatorias en la responsabilidad penal.]]>
<![CDATA[Clínicas de derecho como un elemento importante en la defensa gratuita de los derechos humanos ]]>
<![CDATA[Serhii Kivalov]]>
<![CDATA[ Ius Humani. Jornal do direito Vol 8 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universidad Hemisferios ]]>
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DOI: 10.31207/ih.v8i0.221
<![CDATA[Nowadays, legal clinics exist in almost every country in the world. The article examines the legal status of legal clinics in Ukraine to properly ensure the human right to legal aid. The author emphasizes that legal clinics are an important element of the legal aid institute. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to regulate the legal status of legal clinics, since in this way the state fulfills its obligation to guarantee the constitutional right of every person to receive legal aid. Even though legal clinics perform important social tasks, regulatory regulation of their activity is carried out only at the level of acts of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. All attempts to consolidate the legal status of legal clinics at the level of the law—for example, the Law “On Free Legal Aid” of June 2, 2011—remain unrealized. The author states that the issue of improving the legal regulation of relations involving legal clinics should be resolved in the near future. Moreover, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainain Parlament) has recently started reforming its legislation in the field of advocacy. Therefore, there is a chance that the discriminatory norm of the Constitution regarding the lawyer’s monopoly on representation in court will be abolished. Thus, this will open the way to improving the status of legal clinics, as employees of such institutions will have the opportunity, in addition to legal advice, to represent their clients in court.]]>
<![CDATA[Derechos humanos, sociedad civil, derecho privado: problemas de correlación ]]>
<![CDATA[Evgen Kharytonov]]>;
<![CDATA[Olena Kharytonova]]>
<![CDATA[ Ius Humani. Jornal do direito Vol 8 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universidad Hemisferios ]]>
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DOI: 10.31207/ih.v8i0.222
<![CDATA[The category of “human rights and freedoms”, the problems of protection and protection of such rights have repeatedly been the subject of research, but the question of their correlation with concepts such as “civil society”, “private law” has not been studied yet. This circumstance determines the expediency of a special study of this issue. Several methodological techniques have been used in the process of exploring issues related to this article. The main ones were civilization and conceptual methods. With the help of the “civilization” method, we explored “law” as a category inseparably related to civilization. The “concept” method helps to consider law in general, and private law as a concept (conceptus from the Latin: thought, representation, concept), that is, as a set of verbal expressions of a social phenomenon denoted by a particular term. In the conclusion, the authors state that there is a conflict in the field of human rights and the conflict of interests of members of civil society, the state resorts to a positive legal regulation of human behavior (taking into account the national mentality and influencing the formation and transformation of justice in the desired direction). The study reveals that there are no grounds for excessive concern about the “infinity” of human rights. This boundary is usually defined naturally, in the face of the rights and interests of other members of civil society.]]>
