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Emerging Science Journal

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Published by Ital Publication

ISSN : 26109182 EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Social,

Environmental Science

Emerging Science Journal is not limited to a specific aspect of science and engineering but is instead devoted to a wide range of subfields in the engineering and sciences. While it encourages a broad spectrum of contribution in the engineering and sciences. Articles of interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcome.

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Articles 7 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 3, No 4 (2019): August" : 7 Documents clear

Design and Operation of First Egyptian IEC Fusion Plasma Device Gamal M. Elaragi
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2019): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

In this paper, Egyptian first inertial electrostatic confinement fusion (IECF) device, constructed at the Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA-IEC), is introduced the characterization of IEC Plasma Device. It consists of 2.8 cm stainless steel cathode, 6.5 cm anode diameter with 10 cm diameter 30 cm height vacuum chamber. The discharge current and voltage of plasma discharge has been recorded using current probe and resistive voltage divider respectively. The X-ray emissions in IEC plasma device were investigated by employing time-resolved detector. The temporal distributions of detected x-rays emission are occurring during the initial 1 microsecond. The calculated rate of DD-neutron generation using the same electrode configuration about 106 – 108 neutrons/second.

Big Data, Knowledge Mapping for Sustainable Development: A Water Quality Index Case Study Lei Zhang
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2019): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

Water quality assessment is an increasingly important area of environmental study. Assessment of water quality can be a process that includes multiple factors, which can have an influence on water quality. Researchers have developed many evaluation indices in order to display the results of water quality evaluations more intuitively. The water quality index has been an important field in sustainable water quality management. This research, based on the papers published of 20 years from the Web of Science, analyzed the data by using CiteSpace 5.0. The result shows the direction, frontiers, and hotspots of the water quality index. Research from institutes, research keywords, word frequency, quoted literature, and subjects The result shows that, in view of the world, India, China, the US, Brazil, and Iran are major countries. From the hotspots and frontiers of research, key words like "water quality management" and "drinking water quality" are the main research hotspots and frontiers of social network in the contamination of water and water quality problems in China and India. This study provides a method for scientists to keep up with the situation of the study on water quality management and puts forward suggestions for further research on sustainable water quality index.

Effect of Salinity on Evaporation and the Water Cycle Jude Iloabuchi Obianyo
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2019): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

This study is on the effect of salinity on evaporation from water bodies and its probable influence on the water cycle. Five different salts were used in this study. Different concentrations of Magnesium Sulphate, Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Chloride, Ammonium Chloride, and Potassium Nitrate solutions in the neighbourhood of 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20, and 0.24 g/cm3 were prepared by dissolving 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 g weights of these salts in 500 cm3 of distilled water. The first evaporation could contain only 500 cm3 of distilled water and served as the control experiment. The solutions were introduced into evaporation cans, each with a capacity of 700 cm3, stored at room temperature, and evaporation was allowed to take place. Evaporation from the cans was measured at 24 hour intervals for a period of 14 days. Results showed that in all salts, as salinity increases, evaporation is reduced. On the 10th day, evaporation retardation factors for Magnesium Sulphate, Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Chloride, Ammonium Chloride, and Potassium Nitrate were found to be 0.800, 0.490, 0.712, 0.820, and 0.822, respectively. Ratios of evaporation retardation factors were 1:1.6327 for Sodium Hydroxide: Magnesium Sulphate; 1:1.4531 for Sodium Hydroxide: Sodium Chloride; 1:1.6735 for Sodium Hydroxide: Magnesium Sulphate; 1:1.4531 for Sodium Hydroxide: Sodium Chloride; 1:1.6327 for Sodium Hydroxide: Ammonium Chloride and 1:1.6776 for Sodium Hydroxide: Potassium Nitrate solutions. The highest evaporation took place in Potassium Nitrate solution at an ultimate concentration of 0.24 g/cm3. This was followed by Ammonium Chloride, Magnesium Sulphate, Sodium Chloride and Sodium Hydroxide. This salinity effect will impact on the outflow parameter in the water cycle with a consequent reduction in evaporation, which reduces precipitation. Hence, the formation of rain in the cloud will be inhibited and ultimately lead to climate change.

Utilization of Microalgae in Aquaculture System: Biological Wastewater Treatment Kyochan Kim; Joo-Young Jung; Hyon-Sob Han
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2019): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

We recently developed an autotrophic biofloc technology (ABFT) system entailing simultaneous microalgae co-culturing with juvenile-farming-stage fish and shrimp in aquaculture and microalgae-based water treatment. The present study was conducted to confirm the potentialities of the ABFT system at the remaining stages (seedling to adult farming, Nile tilapia) for industrial-level implementation. In the results at the seedling stage, an excellent water-purification effect and significant water conservation (97% reduction) by microalgae were verified. Indeed, among the fish, there were not any significant differences, either in growth performance or in body composition, and the wastewater from this system was recycled by use for the growth of various plants. Further, the ABFT system was demonstrated to have a positive effect on production economics by simplifying the production process steps (simultaneous fish breeding and wastewater treatment) and providing for a natural hatching environment. In summary, the ABFT system can be integrated with existing systems on an industrial level as an effective and efficient means of achieving sustainable aquaculture.

Effect of Uniform Magnetic Field on Melting at Various Rayleigh Numbers Dirbude, Sumer Bharat; Maurya, Vivek Kumar
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2019): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

Melting phenomena occurs in various industrial applications, such as metal castings of turbine blades, environmental engineering, PCM-based thermal storage devices, etc. During the design of these devices, they are designed for efficient heat transfer rate. To improve the heat transfer rate, understanding of the important flow processes during the melting (and solidification) is necessary. An objective of the present work is to study the effect of natural convection and magnetic field on interface morphology and thereby on melting rate. In this work, therefore, an effect of uniform transverse magnetic field on the melting inside a cavity, filled initially with solid gallium, at various Rayleigh numbers (Ra=3Ã—105, 6Ã—105, and 9Ã—105) is presented. A 2D unsteady numerical simulation, with the enthalpy-porosity formulation, is performed using ANSYS-Fluent. The magnetic field is characterized by the Hartmann number (Ha) and the results are shown for the Ha = 0, 30 and 50. The horizontal walls of the cavity are considered insulated and vertical walls are respectively considered hot and cold. It is observed that the role of natural convection during the melting is significant on the temperature distribution and solid-liquid interface. The increased magnetic field (Ha = 30 and 50) found to have a suppressing effect on the dominance of natural convection at all Rayleigh numbers (Ra=3Ã—105, 6Ã—105, and 9Ã—105).

Impact of Transportation on Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Locally vs. Non-locally Sourced Food Striebig, Bradley; Smitts, Eric; Morton, Samuel
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2019): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere continues to rise, and the global food system is a significant contributor that often gets overlooked when it comes to solving the problem. In this study, emissions related to food transportation were studied to determine what impact getting local food instead of non-local food could have on the overall emissions of the food system. The dining service at the university utilizes local food to varying extents when it is in season, and a life cycle assessment (LCA) was done on lettuce, tomatoes, strawberries, and chicken to compare the emissions associated with the production of these foods. The transport-oriented GREET software was used for the LCA along with information from the sustainability coordinator at the university itself to get results. Given a lack of publicly available data regarding crop cultivation in certain areas of the U.S., some information had to be obtained from databases in Europe, but results suggest that produce coming from the west coast to the Virginia campus can have four to five times the emissions associated with production, and produce from Florida can have roughly twice as many emissions associated with production. There is a relatively low number of LCAs done in America to compare this data to, but it somewhat fits in with many European studies. Some LCAs do not factor in transportation processes, but my results suggest that any American studies should factor in transportation since it can contribute greatly to the overall footprint of products. The current available software for LCAs lacks consistency between programs, all having different strengths and weaknesses, and needs to be improved for quality results in the future.

Comparison of Corrosion Behaviors of Bare Ti and TiO2 Ali Döner
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2019): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

In this study, titanium (Ti) surface was anodized by applying 60 voltages for two hours to form titanium dioxide (TiO2) with anodization method. After anodization procedure, comparison of corrosion behaviors of the bare titanium and TiO2 coated titanium was examined in 1 M KOH solution by using electrochemical methods such as anodic and cathodic current-potential curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to characterize bare Ti and anodically formed TiO2 surfaces. According to obtained results, Ti surface was smooth and compact. However, surface structure of TiO2 coated titanium was porous and nanotubes formed on the surface. This porous structure which has protective layer contributed to increase the corrosion resistance. Higher polarization resistance was obtained on porous TiO2 than that of bare titanium. Besides, this protective layer bore well against the alkaline corrosion during long-term immersion.

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