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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 11 No. 5 (2023)" : 10 Documents clear
Detection of the BK virus in post-transplant patients in a tertiary care hospital Choudhary, Vinita; Choudhary, Chetan; Saraswat, Pushpendra
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.5.64.69

Abstract

Background: Polyomaviruses are small (45 nm) non-enveloped circular double-stranded DNA and belong to the Polyomaviridae family, with Polyomavirus as the only genus. The polyomaviruses are omnipresent. The primary sites of BK virus appearance are the kidney tubular epithelial cells and urinary bladder surface transitional cells. To detect the BK virus in post-transplant patients by molecular methods. Materials and methods: Specimens of 88 patients were collected aseptically in Vials. Nucleic acid was extracted manually and processed in real-time PCR for identification of the BK virus. Result: This study analyzed 88 samples from suspected BK virus patients from January 2022 to January 2023.There were 88 samples tested, 24(27.27%) were positive and 64(72.72%) were negative. Conclusion: The prevalence pattern of BK virus presented in post-transplant patients 24(27.27%) were positive. BKV induces both difficult diagnosis and treatment; transplant recipients are recommended to be under strict surveillance and receive early intervention.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use and its resistance among medical students in tertiary care teaching hospitals of Maharashtra Dudhe, Bhushan; Kamdi, Nikhil; Giradkar, Akhil; Astankar, Poonam; Mankar, Nishikant; Ghotkar, Ulhas
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.5.26.33

Abstract

Background: One of the issues concerning public health today is the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. The primary cause of this is the irrational use of these agents. To avoid antibiotic resistance, it is imperative to have correct knowledge of its rational use. This study was carried out among MBBS undergraduates who will work as healthcare providers in the future regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices about the usage of antibiotics and their resistance. Materials and Method: An online cross-sectional study conducted using Google Forms. A structured questionnaire was sent to medical students across Maharashtra. Data was acquired through responses to a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics. A one-way ANOVA test was applied to statistically compare students' knowledge levels based on their academic year. Results and Discussion: 344 students replied to Google Forms from eight medical institutes around Maharashtra. Regarding the usage of antibiotics, students' mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 6.03±1.46, 4.97±1.74, and 4.00±1.98, respectively. Of the total number of students, 234 (68.02%) had good knowledge, 134 (38.95%) had a good attitude, and only 43 (12.5%) had good practices for the usage of antibiotics. Students' knowledge levels varied significantly depending on the year they were studying. Conclusion: The present study indicates that medical students have a good degree of knowledge about antibiotic use and resistance. Improvement must be made regarding attitudes and practices.
Study on clinical profile of scabies and comparison of efficacy of topical agents in treatment of scabies R, Rajalakshmi; Selvaraj, Karthikeyan
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.5.59.63

Abstract

Background: Scabies is an intensely pruritic mite infestation. It is a significant health problem in developing countries and remains a major issue despite available treatment modalities. Methodology:  A prospective study was carried out over a year with 90 scabies patients at a tertiary care center after obtaining Ethical Clearance to study the clinical profile of scabies, compare the efficacy of various topical scabicidal agents, and evaluate improvement after treatment. After calculating the severity of pruritus and lesions, a detailed history was noted and randomly allotted to one of the treatment groups. Group A was treated with 1% GBHC lotion, Group B with 5% Permethrin cream, and Group C with 0.5% Ivermectin cream. Patients were advised to review in the second, third, and sixth weeks. Observation and results:  Patients with 16-25 years of age were most susceptible. 17 out of 90 patients had secondary bacterial infections, the most common associated cutaneous disease followed by dermatophytosis. Statistically significant reduction in pruritis severity in the drug C vs drug A trial (Z = -4.810, p = <0.001) and Drug C vs drug B trial (Z= -4.795, p= <0.001). Group C (Ivermectin) causes much better improvement in itching and lesions than Group A (GBHC) and Group B (Permethrin). Conclusion:  Among topicals, ivermectin can be preferred over permethrin and GBHC for treating scabies. Topical permethrin provides superior improvement when juxtaposed to GBHC and can be considered better than GBHC.
Potent antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula-based herbal soap formulation against propionibacterium acnes and its cytotoxic evaluation on human skin fibroblast cells Almukashir, Mukhtar; Shamsi, Shamsi Saad; Alfurjany, Salahaldin; Ali, Enas; Zidan, Heba
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.5.1.8

Abstract

Background: Recently, many approaches have been conducted in natural skin healthcare, with herbal remedies gaining prominence due to their perceived efficacy and fewer side effects. Herbal soaps, in particular, are noted for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making them appealing for acne-causing bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes, Terminalia chebula, a medicinal plant with a rich history of traditional medicinal properties, including antibacterial effects. However, limited information exists on its activity against acne-causing bacteria and its cytotoxicity on human skin cells. Methods: Our study demonstrated the anti-propionibacterium activity using a novel Terminalia chebula herbal soap formulation (TC-HSF), and to determine its cytotoxicity on Human skin fibroblast cells, Terminalia chebula aqueous extract was used to make herbal soap,  the antibacterial activity was performed against wild isolated propionibacterium acne strain using well-diffusion method, MIC and time-kill Kinetics, several concentrations were evaluated for cytotoxicity on Human skin fibroblast cell lines. Results Our findings indicate a potent activity of TC-HSF against P.acne at 0.18mg\ml with lower CFU\ml in tested intervals and high cell viability 98%, IC50 Value was 50mg\ml. Conclusion: Our study highlights the promising antibacterial efficacy of TC-HSF against Propionibacterium acnes and its cytotoxic effects on human skin fibroblast cells. The research adds valuable insights into the potential of TC-HSF for acne management and underscores the importance of dosage considerations in the formulation of herbal soap products.
Evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Limonia acidissima leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic wister albino rats: a randomized controlled experimental study Baheti, Ashishkumar; Chimurkar, Leena; Mohod, Kanchan
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.5.15.25

Abstract

Objectives: The present study was carried out to find graded-doses antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Limonia acidissima (MELA) leaves in rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8): Normal control, Diabetic control (Alloxan-induced), and test groups where varying doses of MELA (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 400mg/kg) or Metformin (100mg/kg) administered post-alloxan induction. Random blood sugar (RBS) levels were estimated at specific intervals over a 28-day period. Moreover, antioxidant markers (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione) were assessed on day 28. Histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue was conducted. Results: Overall, mean RBS levels decreased at all intervals. There was a significant decrease in median malondialdehyde, an increase in median superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione levels (all p-values<0.0001). The change in RBS (p-values<0.0001) and antioxidants (p-value>0.05) levels was greater in Group VI than in Group V. On histopathology, Groups VI and V demonstrated regeneration of necrotic β-cells in the islets, and this was more pronounced than Group IV. Conclusion: Results of our study suggested that MELA possesses dose-dependent significant antidiabetic and antioxidant activity.
Prospective study of hyperglycemia and its impact on the causation of severe exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients attending a tertiary care hospital Kalyani, Kakumanu; Reddy, Chappidi Rajesh; Kumar, Muthineni Manoj
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.5.9.14

Abstract

Background: Hyperglycemic states are always associated with sudden onset of illnesses of both infectious and non-infectious nature. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic, lifelong suffering illness with sudden exacerbations. Objectives: To compare the affiliation of hyperglycemia with the chance of sudden exacerbations in sufferers with an established diagnosis of obstructive airway disease (COPD). Materials Methods: A total of 263 patients with an established diagnosis of COPD were taken into this observational study. The duration of the study extended between Jan. 2022 to July 2023. Sufferers were divided into 3 classes following the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association; those classes were: low HbA1c level class (n=102), moderate HbA1c level (n=83), and severe HbA1c level (n=74). Results: Among the 263 participants, 72 (27.4%) suffered severe exacerbation. The share of sufferers tormented by a minimum of one episode of intense and sudden exacerbation becomes extensively higher among participants with high (36.3%) and moderate HbA1c levels (24.7%) when compared with low HbA1c levels (22.6%). On the MCRA, high HbA1c levels (HR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.92–4.31; P<0.01) and moderate HbA1c levels (HR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.64–3.29; P<0.01). Participants with hyperglycemia were significantly associated with a higher risk of the next severe exacerbation compared with a euglycemic state. Conclusion: irrespective of current/previously established diagnosis of diabetes, hyperglycemic states are associated with a higher risk of severe exacerbation in patients with COPD.
Antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Arctocarpus hirsutus Lam. leaves in albino Wistar rats B N, Chaithra; D’Souza, Ullas Prakash; Khandige, Prasanna Shama; Sadananda, Vandana
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.5.44.51

Abstract

Peptic ulcers, a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, remain a significant health concern. Artocarpus hirsutus Lam., a plant deeply rooted in traditional medicine, has been historically employed to address various health issues. Each component of this plant showcases diverse therapeutic activities, offering a holistic approach to health concerns. This study aimed to explore the gastroprotective and antiulcerogenic potential of the ethanol-based extract derived from Artocarpus hirsutus Lam leaves. Administered orally in 100, 200, and 400mg/kg doses, the extract's effects were compared with established medications - omeprazole (30mg/kg) and sucralfate (100mg/kg). Parameters such as gastric acid volume, gastric pH, ulcer index, total acidity, and free acidity were evaluated. The ethanol-based extract derived from Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. leaves demonstrated activity at doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, resulting in a marked decrease in free acidity, total acidity, gastric volume, ulcer index, and an increase in gastric pH compared to the ulcer control group. Notably, the ethanol-based extract of leaves of Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. exhibited significant gastroprotective and ant-ulcerogenic effects in both ethanol induced ulcer and pylorus ligated ulcer models. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic value of Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. as an effective agent against peptic ulcers, supporting its traditional use in holistic health practices.
Antibiotic resistance and Staphylococcal super antigenic determinants in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from anterior nares of dental students Vinshia, Jebadass Jasmine; Padmavathy, Kesavaram; Sudha, Jimson; Sathyapriya, Baskaran
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.5.52.58

Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus primarily inhabits the human anterior nares. Asymptomatic Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage in healthcare professionals makes them potential MRSA reservoirs. Since identification and decolonization would promote cross-contamination reduction and curb communal transmission, this study was designed to identify MRSA nasal carriers among dental students and detect staphylococcal super antigenic determinants among them. Methods: Staphylococci isolates (n=52) from dental students(n=42) were investigated in the study. Following initial microbial speciation and antimicrobial susceptibility determination using standard identification methods, the MRSA strains were identified phenotypically using cefoxitin disc (30 µg). Genes encoding the virulence determinants, namely, TSST (test), enterotoxins (sea and seb), and cytotoxin (pvl), were looked for by PCR. Results: Only 15.09% of isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, and all of them (n=8) were scored as MRSA using the cefoxitin disc diffusion method. None of the tested isolates showed the presence of virulence determinants in standard molecular techniques. Conclusion: Lower prevalence of S. aureus, MRSA, coupled with the absence of virulence determinants in the strains, suggests strategies for better surveillance. Tracking virulence-causing genes in nasal carrier S. aureus strains could enhance efforts to prevent infection outbreaks.
Prospective study on antibiotic prescription in South Indian pediatric population – a pediatrician’s and parent’s perspective Dinesh, K.; Rangasamy, K.; Sreenivasan, V.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.5.34.38

Abstract

Background: Soaring rates of antibiotic prescriptions to children have led to antibiotic resistance in the community. Thus, prescribing, dispensing, administering, and using medication needs special attention in the current scenario. Objectives: To study the pattern and rationality of antibiotic use in pediatric patients (1 month to 18 years of age) by using the patient records & prescription and to assess parents' awareness of treatment received and antibiotic awareness by using a questionnaire. Materials and Methods: It was a Prospective study performed at Pediatric OPD of Vinayaka Missions Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital for 6 months wherein a total of 1200 paediatric OPD and IPD patients were included. The patient’s/caretaker’s adequacy of each parameter was given a Score of 1 and a Score of 0 for inadequacy. Based on these seven parameters, each patient was given a Score of a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 7. Results: The patients included Neonates (6%), infants (8%), children (56%) and adolescents (30%). Results showed that 58% of male patients were majorly affected than female pediatric individuals (42%). The use of antibiotics was observed only in 14 out of 1200 prescriptions. Among the antibiotics, cefotaxime was the most frequently prescribed medication. As per the sum of scores obtained by the patients, 492 (42%) of 1200 patients understood their drug use parameters moderately, followed by well-understood 408 (34%) and poorly understood 300 (24%). Conclusion: This study highlights the rational use of antibiotics among patients and healthcare professionals, thus paving the way to minimize antibiotic resistance.
Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and its associated neuropathy in patients taking long term metformin therapy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus Kumar, Suresh; Varadan, Sivaprakash; P, Viswanathan; Sekar, Vaishnavi; Singh, Tanisha; Singh, RB Sudagar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.5.39.43

Abstract

Background: Diabetic people on metformin are more likely to develop vitamin B12 deficiency. There has been little research into the duration of therapy and dose of metformin that causes B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy. This study is being done to determine the same. Objective: To determine the association between vitamin B12 deficiency and its neuropathy to long-term metformin therapy in diabetic patients. Study design: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at SRIHER Chennai. Patients on long-term metformin were taken and separated into two groups: B12 Vitamin deficiency and normal Vitamin B12 levels. Results: B12 Vitamin deficiency was found in 15.72% of 159 patients on metformin. Only 2 of the 59 people on vitamin supplements in our study showed Vitamin B-12 deficiency, whereas 23 out of 100 people in the non-supplemented group had Vitamin B-12 deficiency. The difference (OR - 0.11; P 0.005) was statistically important. There was a statistically important difference observed between the prevalence of deficiency of vitamin B-12, Duration (>5 years), and dosage (>1 g/day) of Metformin use (p-value - <0.0001). Among the study group with neuropathy, the duration of metformin in the normal b12 group is 5.6 ±4.69 yrs. vs. 11±4.019 yrs. in b12 deficiency group (mean difference = 5.4; p <0.0004). Conclusion: The study found that metformin uses for a long time (> 5 years) and dose > 1g/day are linked to B12 Vitamin deficiency and neuropathy in diabetic patients.

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