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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
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Articles 16 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)" : 16 Documents clear
Evaluation of hypoglycemic potential of Cuminum cyminum and its role in modulation of cognitive function in rats with induced diabetes Kumar, Abhishek; Shekhar, Amit; Dua, Mitali; Jangra, Indu; Suranagi, Umesh; Arora, Ekta
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.549

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the effects of Cuminum cyminum (C. cyminum) on cognitive behaviour and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in diabetic rats, comparing its efficacy with Glibenclamide, Sulbutiamine, and Resveratrol. Methods: Wistar rats were randomized into 12 groups (n=10) half diabetic and half non-diabetic controls and administered C. cyminum 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), Sulbutiamine (50 mg/kg), and Resveratrol (25 mg/kg). Controls included diabetic and non-diabetic rats without treatment. Blood glucose, insulin, oxidative stress markers, and AChE levels were measured, along with behavioural parameters of learning and memory using the elevated plus maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze. Results: Both doses of C. cyminum significantly reduced blood glucose levels (Dose I decreased blood glucose levels from 278.5 ± 3.66 mg/dl to 136.8 ± 4.91 mg/dl while dose II decreased the blood glucose levels to 138.8 ± 3.83 mg/dl) and improved learning and memory, as evidenced by faster transfer latency (TL) and better retention in the elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. The higher dose was particularly effective in reducing brain AChE levels and improving cognitive performance in passive avoidance tests. Conclusion: Both doses of C. cyminum decreased the AChE activity induced by diabetes, improving learning and memory. The antioxidant and anti-hyperglycaemic potential may partially contribute to delaying cognitive impairment. Thus, the study suggests that C. cyminum may be beneficial in mitigating behavioural and biochemical changes associated with diabetes mellitus, offering potential as a complementary therapy to existing diabetes treatments. Elaborate studies in the future are essential to explore its antidiabetic and neuroprotective potential.
Insights of nose to brain delivery in treating Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review Pranay, Renukuntla; Tatikayala, Ravi Kumar; Damera, Sujatha; Pathakala, Naveen; Jadi, Rajendra Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.625

Abstract

Background: In Parkinson's disease (PD), a complicated neurodegenerative ailment, neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine are lost, resulting in an insufficiency of the neurotransmitter that is essential for the regulation of voluntary and smooth muscular movements. This review focuses on the obstacle triggering the effectiveness of traditional PD treatments, which is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents some therapeutic medicines from reaching the brain. It encompasses the potential strategy of nose-to-brain administration by innovative approaches, including nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and cell-based carriers, directly delivering the drugs from nose to brain. Methods: The methodology involved examining the characteristics, advantages, applications, and challenges of various nanoparticles like SLNs, Nanoliposomes, Quantum dots, dendrimers, etc., through meticulous analysis of articles including from PubMed (5), ScienceDirect (5), Bentham Science (4) and Scopus databases (5). Conclusion: The review concludes by emphasizing the potential applications of nanoparticles in circumventing the problems encountered with traditional methods of drug administration in treating PD. This detailed study brings to light the applications and the challenges that need to be faced in utilizing nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery. Attention is directed towards the enlightenment of advanced carriers that target specific brain regions via the olfactory and trigeminal routes. The drug directly reaches the brain, bypassing BBB.
Preparation and evaluation of antibacterial mupirocin cream emulsion using cocamidopropyl betaine emulsifier Gangurde, Avinash B; Pagar, Suraj
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.633

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to develop and evaluate an antibacterial cream emulsion containing mupirocin using Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) as an emulsifier. Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic effective against Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains), was formulated into a cream to enhance its topical delivery. Materials and Methods: Mupirocin cream emulsion formulations were developed with varying concentrations of CAPB, PEG-400, and glycerol monostearate. The cream formulations were mainly evaluated for in vitro diffusion tests, antibacterial activity tests, and stability studies. Result and Discussion: CAPB produced a stable cream emulsion formulation (F7) at 30% concentration and 2% PEG-400. The formulation (F7) exhibited sustained drug release over 3.5 hours in the diffusion test. The formulation F7 showed a higher zone of inhibition, 32.16±2.2 mm, than the marketed mupirocin cream, 29.56±1.35 mm, for the Staphylococcus aureus strain. The prepared cream formulation F7 was found stable over 90 days at different temperature conditions (8±2°C, 25±2°C and 40±2°C). Conclusion: The study concludes that CAPB effectively enhances mupirocin cream solubility and antibacterial properties, making it a promising option for treating bacterial skin infections.
Pharmacophore insights and molecular docking of ciprofloxacin analogues against 2XE1: strategies for reduced antibiotic resistance Katlaria, Sanjana; Chauhan, Ashish Singh; Kumar, Krishna; Kumar, Mohit; Chauhan, Bhumika; Jakhmola, Vikash
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.660

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a silent pandemic disease that is growing and causing a global threat. Existing antibiotics are less effective against infectious diseases, so we must discover more potent and effective drugs. The latest report from the World Health Organization (WHO) underscores the global nature of the situation, revealing that high levels of antibiotic resistance in bacteria worldwide lead to life-threatening bloodstream infections and resistance to treatment. Methods: This study focuses on the Molecular Docking and Pharmacophore Modeling of Ciprofloxacin and its analogs to explore ligand-protein interactions and identify potent drugs against AMR. Twenty ciprofloxacin analogs, designed using ChemDraw Pro12.0, were docked with the 2XE1 protein. Molecular docking assessed the binding affinity, with Arguslab 4.0 scoring the lowest docking scores to indicate strong interactions and biological activity. Pharmacophore modeling identified essential molecular features like HBA, HBD, and AI for optimal biological activity. Results: The computational screening identified several compounds with improved binding properties, showing greater affinity towards ALA129, TYR149, and PHE88 amino acids, essential for biological activity. Conclusion: The study identifies the best analog of ciprofloxacin, which can effectively combat antibiotic resistance. Compound 13 showed promising docking scores and relevant pharmacophoric features, outperforming the parent ciprofloxacin in binding affinity, suggesting it could be a potent drug candidate against AMR.
Fabrication and evaluation of carbocisteine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles to treat pulmonary infections Rane, Bhushan R.; Jain, Ashish S.; Mane, Nikita P.; Patil, Vaibhav; Patil, Mukesh S.; Bavaskar, Kedar R.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.661

Abstract

Background:  Solid lipids Nanoparticles (SLN) comprise physiological and biocompatible lipids. SLN is an alternative carrier system to polymeric nanoparticles or liposomes. It has been claimed that SLN offers combined advantages and avoids the disadvantages of other colloidal carrier systems. Aim: The research aims to fabricate and evaluate the carbocisteine solid lipid nanoparticles loaded in situ gel. Methodology:  SLN was prepared by using glycerol monostearate as a solid lipid and by high-pressure homogenization (Panda plus 2000) method using poloxamer 188 as a stabilizer to improve its bioavailability and reduce particle size. The quality-by-design concept was used to develop the SLN by optimizing process variables. Result and discussion: The drug and excipient compatibility study was checked using FTIR, and no interaction between both was found. Optimized SLN of carbocisteine were evaluated for zeta potential, particle size, and % drug release, found results as -19.67 mv, 50 to 200 nm, and up to 70.84%, respectively. Optimized gel batches were also evaluated for the stability study. Conclusion: All the batches were evaluated for various parameters. The F6 batch was optimized based on particle size, stability, Zeta potential, and release pattern. SLN could provide a better advantage of good penetration and targeting to treat pulmonary disease.
Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: An update on the molecular mechanism, biomarkers and management Amaan, Mohd; Goel, Radha; Paul, Surovi; Danish, Iqbal
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.673

Abstract

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that is effective against various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, its clinical application is severely limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, which affects nearly 26% of patients. Objective: This review focuses on recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, particularly highlighting the roles of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods: We have reviewed and retrieved the relevant information by probing the main keywords in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science, etc.). Screening of relevant literature was done to pick suitable content based on the pharmacological profile of DOX. Key biomarkers such as troponins, brain natriuretic peptides (BNP), and atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) are crucial for early detection of cardiac injury. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), mediated by enzymes like NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial cytochrome c, is central in triggering apoptosis and cardiomyocyte damage. Furthermore, DOX’s impact extends to other organs, notably the liver and kidneys, contributing to systemic toxicity. Conclusion: This review synthesizes current strategies to mitigate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, including applying antioxidants, liposomal DOX formulations, and emerging nanocarrier technologies designed to enhance therapeutic selectivity. Looking ahead, integrating personalized medicine approaches and developing innovative therapeutic interventions hold promise for balancing DOX's antitumor efficacy with a reduced risk of cardiotoxicity. By addressing critical gaps in our understanding, this review highlights the need for integrative approaches combining biomarker discovery and targeted therapies to optimize patient outcomes and guide future research directions.
Analyzing the mechanisms involved in the antidiabetic activity of some native plants Dehury, Lorie; Mahapatra, Satyapriya; Gauda, Anshuman; Maharana, Laxmidhar; Panigrahi, Ghanshyam
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.683

Abstract

Background: Research on diabetes treatment is advancing yearly, and it is estimated that 643 million adults worldwide will have diabetes by 2030. This is a comprehensive review of antidiabetic mechanisms in medicinal plants, aims to identify natural antidiabetic plants and provide details on their mechanisms of action, and rigorous testing techniques. Methodology: Information was gathered from offline and online sources to identify indigenous medicinal plants that lower blood glucose. Different databases were searched for ethnopharmacological literature using the following keywords: medicinal plants, diabetes, and India. Other sections about clinical trials, toxicological evaluations of certain plants, and preclinical trials have since been added. These sections were retrieved from Scopus using pertinent keywords. In this study, 117 species of medicinal plants from 55 families that are used to treat diabetes mellitus were listed. Conclusion: The variety of plants discussed in this review clearly demonstrated the importance of herbal plants in the treatment of diabetes. Result of the study shows Fabaceae, Rutaceae, and Combretaceae were the most prevalent plant families and species having antidiabetic properties among these plants. It also gives researchers information that they may use to develop future plans, like finding plants that may be effective in preventing diabetes and isolating bioactive molecules to help manage the disease. More research is necessary to completely comprehend these newly identified anti-diabetic drugs at the molecular, therapeutic, and physiological levels, nevertheless, in order to treat and manage diabetes mellitus globally
Phytosomes: nature’s secret to enhanced bioavailability Kumar, M Surendra; Dhivya, K; Lokesh, D; Nivethitha, S; Kumar, M Praveen; Sarathi, M; Astalakshmi, N
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.702

Abstract

Background: Medicinal herbs have long been used for treating various ailments, with plant-derived compounds recognized for their therapeutic benefits and minimal side effects compared to conventional medicines. However, issues with the bioavailability of active herbal components have limited their effectiveness. Phytosomes, or herbosomes, are a drug delivery technology that enhances the absorption and bioavailability of these plant-based compounds, providing a potential solution for maximizing the medicinal efficacy of herbal ingredients. Method: Phytosome complexes are synthesized by combining plant extracts with phospholipids in specific molar ratios, typically 1:1, to create a more stable and bioavailable formulation. Common preparation methods include solvent evaporation, supercritical fluid extraction, and lyophilization. Each technique is optimized to improve the stability, solubility, and therapeutic action of the phytosomes. Results and discussion: Phytosome technology has shown significant improvements in the bioavailability of phytochemicals, such as silymarin and curcumin, enhancing their pharmacological effects. Applications of phytosomes span various therapeutic areas, including cancer treatment, rheumatism, wound healing, and respiratory conditions. Studies indicate that phytosomes improve drug stability, absorption, and targeted delivery, effectively managing complex diseases with reduced side effects. Conclusion: Phytosomes represent a promising advancement in natural medicine by addressing bioavailability challenges associated with herbal compounds. The improved formulation techniques and broad applications suggest a bright future for phytosome-based therapies, especially in areas where conventional treatments may have limitations. Further research and development in phytosome technology could lead to enhanced clinical outcomes and expand the use of herbal remedies in modern medicine.
Investigating phytochemical diversity and antioxidant richness of Moringa oleifera in Tamil Nadu Dahiya, Sanju; Garg, Munish
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.710

Abstract

Background: Moringa oleifera Lam., widely known as ‘The Tree of Life’, is a medicinal tree native to India and extensively grown in tropical regions worldwide. In India, Tamil Nadu is the leading state, engaging an area of 20684 hectares in the production of moringa. In South India, moringa is extensively utilized as a vegetable for its exquisite taste and flavor in sambar and curry preparation. Methodology: Phytochemical analysis of leaves from the Tamil Nadu region and simultaneous estimation of quercetin, rutin, and gallic acid contents in moringa leaf extracts from the Tamil Nadu region via HPTLC analysis was carried out. DPPH assay was performed to determine the antioxidant potential. Results and Discussion: The hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the triple maceration of moringa leaves possesses high amounts of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids and polyphenols. Each gram of the extract contained 1650.401 µg of quercetin, 1136.950 µg of rutin, and 220.223 µg of gallic acid. The IC50 value of the extract was calculated to be 36.10 µg/ml. Conclusion: The extract from the leaves of the moringa plant grown in the Tamil Nadu region contains a good amount of phytoconstituents and also possesses good antioxidant activity comparable to that of standard ascorbic acid, suggesting its potential use as an antioxidant agent. The findings of the present study support the traditional use of the folklore plant for improving health.
A systematic review on botanical background, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Nymphaea nouchali Sarma, Himshikhar; Sahariah, Gunjan; Bharadwaj, Abhilash; Sharma, Dipjyoti; Porasar, Pollobi; Dutta, Koushik Nandan
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.714

Abstract

Background: Nymphaea nouchali is a widely distributed aquatic plant prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, flourishing in freshwater habitats. It is widely recognized as the water lily. Historically, it has been utilized in several medical systems to address conditions such as diabetes, liver diseases, and urinary tract issues. The plant comprises several bioactive substances, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids, which enhance its therapeutic qualities. This review examines the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological characteristics of Nymphaea nouchali to evaluate its medicinal potential. Methodology: This review combines data from previous botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological research on Nymphaea nouchali. The bioactive components extracted from the plant were examined for their therapeutic capabilities. The pharmacological effects, encompassing antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and anticancer properties, were assessed by several in vitro and in vivo experimental methods. Results: A phytochemical study identified the presence of substances, including nymphal, gallic acid, and quercetin. These chemicals are associated with notable biological functions. Alkaloids and tannins had antibacterial activities, but phenolic compounds and flavonoids showed potent antioxidant capabilities. The herb demonstrated antinociceptive properties. Initial investigations suggested possible anticancer effects on some cell lines; nevertheless, further study is required. Conclusion: Nymphaea nouchali shows significant pharmacological potential due to its many bioactive components. Although traditional medicinal usage supports its therapeutic benefits, further preclinical and clinical investigations are necessary to validate its efficacy and safety for pharmaceutical uses.

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