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Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh)
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh
ISSN : 20881592     EISSN : 25496425     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37598/jukema
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh atau disingkat dengan JUKEMA merupakan kumpulan jurnal ilmiah yang memuat artikel hasil penelitian atau yang setara dengan hasil penelitian di bidang ilmu kesehatan masyarakat, ilmu kedokteran dan ilmu keperawatan. Artikel ilmiah yang membahas topik-topik Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak, epidemiologi, gizi kesehatan masyarakat, Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) dan lain-lain sangat diharapkan dan disambut baik.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 12 Documents
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TINJAUAN FASILITAS SANITASI RUMAH MAKAN DI KOTA BANDA ACEH TAHUN 2007 Yenni Hanafiah
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v1i1.228

Abstract

Yenni Hanafiah1 dan Desvita, SKM, M.Kes2Peminatan Kesehatan Lingkungan, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23245Peminatan Kesehatan Lingkungan, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23245 Abstract There RE 133 units of restaurants in the city of Banda Aceh, spread out in 9 (nine) sub-districts. Restaurants are one of the public places visited by many tourists either locals, national or international which requires special attention. Non-sanitized restaurants can cause health problems such as Water and Food Borne Diseases. The aim of this study is to find out the condition of sanitation facilities at restaurants in Banda Aceh in 2007. This is a descriptive study, with populations of 89 fulfilled requirements and criteria restaurants in Banda Aceh. The study used total population sampling through observational technique by using checklist in collecting data. The results indicated that 51.62% facilities of restaurants fulfill requirement; 70.31% water supplies facilities fulfilled the qualification and 29.69% did not fulfill requirements; 60,52% water waste disposal facilities fulfilled the requirement and 39.48% did not fulfill the standard; 25.81% Toilet Facilities that already meet the terms and 74.19% are not yet qualified. Bins qualify are 63.19% and 16.61% are not yet qualified. Hand washing facilities that have been 18.69% qualify and 81.31% are not yet qualified. Washing equipment and food ingredients that have been 35.6% eligible and 64.4% are not yet qualified. Equipment and prevention of entry of insects and rodents that have been 24.03% qualify and 75.97% are eligible are not yet qualified.Keywords : sanitation, food equipment, restaurant
ANEMIA GIZI BESI PADA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS SAWANG KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA TAHUN 2007 Eva Sahara
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v1i1.232

Abstract

Eva Sahara, SKM1, dr. H. Syarifuddin Anwar, SKM2Peminatan Gizi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23245Peminatan AKK, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23245 AbstractThe iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women is one of the nutrition problems that should deserve special attention and serious treatment. In 2006, 386 (58%) out of 667 pregnant women in the Puskesmas working area of sawang sub district, Kabupaten Aceh Utara suffered from iron deficiency anemia. This high percentage indicated the area had a serious problem of pregnant women. The quality of nutritional status of pregnant women is one of the indicators to determine the quality of human resources in the future. This descriptive analytic research by using cross sectional design conducted from 19 March to 4 April 2007 in Puskesmas Sawang. A purposive sampling as well as chi-square test was used to analyze the data with the alpha 0.05. Results of uni-variation analysis showed that 69.8% respondent suffered from iron deficiency anemia. From the results of bi-variation analysis found that there was relationship between level of education, knowledge about nutrition, eating habits, consumption of iron tablets and family income of respondents with anemia (p value 0.05). Low level of education is a very dominant factor for respondent to get risk of anemia. It is recommended to increase knowledge of respondent on how importance of taking sufficient iron tablets regularly during pregnancy to prevent iron deficiency anemia. It is also necessary for Puskesmas staff of Sawang to increase counseling activities on the benefits of iron tablets to pregnant women and their husband, the community and religious leaders during pregnancy.Keywords : iron deficiency anemia, pregnant women, hemoglobin test, iron teblets
JAMINAN KESEHATAN ACEH (JKA) DAN PENGUATAN SISTEM KESEHATAN DI PROVINSI ACEH Asnawi Abdullah
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v1i1.229

Abstract

Asnami Abdullah, PhD*Dosen Kopertis Wilayah I, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh AbstractMany strategies have been implemented to improve health system performance in Aceh since last five years including improving healthcare infrastructure, human resources capacity and financing systems. Since early June 2010, Government of Aceh has introduced a health insurance scheme called JKA. This study analysed to what extent the JKA scheme could strengthen health system performance in Aceh. The analysis was performed using the World Health Organization (WHO) health system framework. Theoretically, JKA could strengthen health system performance, however the balance of financial risk and incentive among implementers are the key success of program that should be taken into account by stakeholders. The scheme should not only focus on clinical curative services but also promotive and preventive services. Regular supervision and monitoring of impact on accessibility, the quality of care and level of satisfaction both patient and providers are key components of sustainability of scheme.Keywords : JKA, healthcare, health care, health insurance
Editorial - Kelebihan Berat Badan: Bukan Lagi Indikator Kemakmuran, namun Indikator Penyakit Asnawi Abdullah
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v1i1.233

Abstract

Kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas sudah menjadi suatu epidemic baru ditatanan global. Menggunakan definisi World Health Organization (WHO) tentang obesitas (bila seseorang sudah mempunyai Body Mass Index (BMI) atau indeks masa tubuh (IMT) lebih besar sama dengan 30 kg/m2)  , sekarang ini secara global ada sekitar 1,6 milyar orang dewasa sudah masuk dalam kategori kelebihan berat badan (overwight) dan 400 juta diantaranya terindikasi obese secara klinik (clinically obese)[1]. Di beberapa negara seperti Amerika Serikat (the USA), prevalence obesitas sudah mencapai titik yang mengkhawatirkan dan telah dianggap suatu ancaman terhadap tatanan system kesehatan nasional negara tersebut[2],[3]. Betapa tidak, di tahun 2007 – 2008 saja, sudah 35.5% penduduk Amerika yang menderita obesitas[4]. Anehnya, epidemic ini tidak hanya terjadi di Negara maju, namun juga sudah merambah ke Negara berkembang. Beberapa Negara berkembang di timur tengah misalnya seperti Arab Saudi Arabia, prevalence obesitas bahkan sudah mencapai 35.6% pada tahun sejak satu decade yang lalu[5]. Di Indonesia, belum ada data yang akurat, namun beberapa survey melaporkan bahwa sekitar 24% wanita Indonesia sudah menderita obesitas[6]. Angka ini diperkirakan akan terus meningkatnya seiring dengan perubahan gaya hidup dan perubahan pola konsumsi makanan dikalangan masyarakat Indonesia.Dulu, kelebihan berat badan sering diasosiasikan sebagai salah satu indicator kemakmuran seseorang. Namun penelitian belakangan ini, terutama di Negara maju, prevalensi obesitas tertinggi justru di kalangan masyarakat dengan social ekonomi rendah. Di Negara berkembang, memang prevalensi obesitas masih dilaporkan lebih tinggi dikalangan masyarakat berpenghasilan tinggi, namun ke depan diperkirakan akan berubah seiring peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat akan pola hidup sehat; peningkatan kesadaran akan pentingnya olah raga dan kebugaran dikalangan masyarakat terutama masyarakat dengan sosial ekonomi tinggi dan masyarakat yang mempunyai daya beli akan makanan-makanan sehat dan gizi seimbang. Makanan siap saji fast food sudah mulai ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat berpenghasilan tinggi, namun sebaliknya masyarakat dengan social ekonomi menengah dan rendah justru baru menikmatinya. Tidak heran pangsa pasar makanan fast food saat ini bergeser ke pinggiran kota dan kota-kota kecil. Tidak akan lama lagi, kegemukan juga akan bergeser ke masyarakat berpenghasilan menengah dan rendah dan obesitas bukan lagi indicator kemakmuran namun justru indikator kehidupan masih “pas-pasan”.Selain bukan lagi indicator kemakmuran, hal yang menarik, belakangan ini, obesitas sudah dianggap sebagai suatu penyakit. Bila anda gemuk, maka anda sedang menderita penyakit. Hal ini didukung oleh berbagai hasil kajian dan publikasi ilmiah di berbagai jurnal internasional. Penelitian-penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa obesitas merupakanfaktor resiko berbagai penyakit kronik. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO)[7] menginventarisir sedikitnya ada 20 jenis penyakit berkaitan dengan obesitas, termasuk: insulin resistensi, dyslipidaemia, type-2 diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi, stroke, osteoarthritis, meningkatnya uricacid dalam darah, kanker, gangguan kesuburan danjanin pada ibu yang menderita obesitas. Sebagai contoh, hasil studi meta-analysis terbaru, menyimpulkan bahwa orang yang mempunyai kelebihan berat badan (obesitas), mempunyai resiko tujuh kali lebih besar untuk menderita type-2 diabetes dari pada orang yang mempunyai berat badan normal (relative risk (RR) 7.19 (95% CI: 5.74 – 9.00)[8]. Overweight mempunyai resiko menderita ischemic stroke 22% kali lebih besar dari pada orang normal, sedangkan obesitas mencapai 64% lebih tinggi dengan RR secara berturut-turut 1.22 (95% CI: 1.05 – 1.41) dan 1.64 (95% CI: 1.36 – 1.99)[9]. Meta-analysis studi dari 33 cohort studi negara-negara Asia Pasifik[10] menyimpulkan bahwa setiap dua unit peningkatan BMI, akan meningkatkan resiko jantung koroner (coronary heart diseases) sebesar 11% (95% CI: 9% - 13%). Disamping itu, masalahnya tidak hanya dengan beberapa berat, namun juga lamanya seseorang obese; makin lamanya seseorang hidup dengan kelebihan berat badan baik overweight mupun obesitas, makin besar resiko untuk menderita berbagai penyakit di atas. Hasil penelitian terbaru disimpulkan bahwa setiap dua tahun seseorang hidup dengan kelebihan berat badan (obesitas), maka resiko menderita type 2 diabetes meningkat sebesar 13% [RR=1.13 (95% CI 1.09 – 1.17)] untuk laki-laki dan sekitar 12% untuk wanita dengan RR 1.12 (95% CI 1.08 – 1.16)[11]. Bahkan beberapa penelitian melaporkan obesitas mempunyai juga resiko kematian dini[12]- [13] - [14]-[15] -[16]. Ini semuanya mengindikasikan bahwa ternyata obesitas sama sekali bukan lagi indicator kemakmuran, namun justru indicator penyakit dan kematian dini.[1] World Health Organization. Fact Sheet: Obesity and Overweight. http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html. Accessed 20 May 2010. [2] Task Force on Childhood Obesity. Solving the Problem of Childhood Obesity within a Generation: White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity Report to the President 2010. [3] Gregg EW, Guralnik JM. Is disability obesity’s price of longevity? JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2007; 298 (17) : 2066 – 2067. [4] Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults. 1999-2008. Jan 20 2010;303 (3) : 235 – 241. [5] Low S, Chin MC, M. D – Y. Review on epidemic of obesity. Ann Acad Med Singapore. Jan 2009;38 (1):57-59. [6] Sassi F. Obesity and the Economics of Prevention : Fit not Fat. Vol 2010: OECD; 2010. [7] World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. WHO Technical Report Series. Geneva;2000. [8] Abdullah A, Peeters A, de Courten M, Stoelwinder J. The Magnitude of association between overweight and obesity and the risk of diabetes: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2010;89 (3) : 309-319. [9] Strazzullo P, D’Elia L, Cairella G, Garbagnati F, Cappuccio FP, Scalfi L. Excess body weight and incidence of stroke: meta-analysis of prospective studies with 2 million participants. Stroke. May 2010;41 (5):e418-426. [10] Ni Mhurchu C, Rodgers A, Pan WH, Gu DF, Woodward M. Body mass index and cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific Region: an overview of 33 cohorts involving 310.000 participants. Int J Epidemiol. Aug 2004;33(4):751-758. [11] Abdullah A, Stoelwinder J, Shortreed S, et al. The duration of obesity and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Public Health Nutrition. Jun 29 2010: Available on JCO 29 Jun 2010; doi: 2010.1017/S1368980010001813.[12] Ringback Weitoft G, Eliasson M, Rosen M. Underweight, overweight and obesity as risk factors for mortality and hospitalization. Scand J Public Health. Mar 2008;36 (2):169-176. [13] McGee DL, Diverse Populations C. Body mass index and mortality: a meta-analysis based on personal-level data from twenty-six observational studies. Ann Epidemiol. Feb 2005;15 (2): 87 – 97.[14] Janssen I, Mark AE. Elevated body mass index and mortality risk in the elderly.Obes Rev. Jan 2007; 8 (1):41-59.[15] Hu FB. Obesity Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.[16] Abdullah A, Wolfe R, Stoelwinder JU, et al. The number of years lived with obesity and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Int J Epidemiol. Feb 27 2011, doi:10.1093/ije/dyr018.
ANALISA KEBUTUHAN TENAGA PERAWAT DI RUANG RAWAT INAP PRIA DAN WANITA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM MEURAXA KOTA BANDA ACEH TAHUN 2008 Yenni Oktaviza
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v1i1.225

Abstract

Yenni Oktaviza1, Amal Chalik Sjaaf2Peminatan AKK, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23245Kajian Adm. Rumah Sakit, Fakultas Kesehatan Msyarakat, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru Depok, Indonesia. AbstractPublic Hospital of Meuraxa Banda Aceh is one of the types B hospital of Aceh Province (RSUM). The estimation of nurses need for this hospital in year 2008 was done by using Workload Indicator Staffing Needs (WISN). This research was conducted both in male and female in-patients wards of hospital in September 2008. This is a descriptive research by using both qualitative and quantitative approach. The population was the whole activities of nurses working in both in male and female in-patients of male and female of the hospital. Sample was the nurse activities in wards of in-patients of male and female of the hospital by observing using work sampling forms and time record forms of the nurse main activities done by time observer (data collector). Qualitative approach was done by using in-depth interview to get information from the Heads of both male and female in patients’ wards. Compared to the available nurses in male ward was 12/7 = 1.71 (171%) or over 71%. The surplus ratio did not mean that many nurses did not work but by using WISN need rate they can improve productivity and quality service as well.Keywords : nurses needed, WISN, ward, service quality
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENCEGAHAN HIV/AIDS PADA REMAJA KOMPLEK PERUMAHAN AJUEN DESA LAM HASAN KECAMATAN PEUKAN BADA KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR TAHUN 2008 Farrah Fahdhienie
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v1i1.226

Abstract

Farrah Fahdhienie1, Desvita, SKM, M. Kes2Peminatan Epidemologi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23245Peminatan Kesehatan Lingkungan, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23245 Abstract The cases of HIV/AIDS increased significantly in Aceh started from one case in year 2004 to 30 cases with 16 died in 2007. It is necessary to increase the prevention of adolescene from HIV/AIDS because they are vulnerable to the disease. They have strong curiosity and would like to try something new such as sexual activities which can directly infect HIV/AIDS to them. The goals of this study are to find out the factors related to prevention of HIV/AIDS by adolescence. This is a descriptive analytic study with cross-sectional design. The population of this study is all 210 adolescence at the age of 14-24 years. The study had 68 samples by using questionnaire. Chi-square statistical test and Yates correction were used to analyze data to find out the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The result of the study indicated that there were relationship between knowledge (the results of x2 test is 4.35); role of parents (the results of x2 test is 5.29) and prevention of HIV/AIDS. It is suggested to the District Health Office of Aceh Besar and PUSKESMAS to improve extension acticities on HIV/AIDS to community.Keywords: prevention of HIV/AIDS, deadly disease, adolescent knowledge
ANEMIA GIZI BESI PADA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS SAWANG KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA TAHUN 2007 Sahara, Eva
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v1i1.232

Abstract

Eva Sahara, SKM1, dr. H. Syarifuddin Anwar, SKM2Peminatan Gizi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23245Peminatan AKK, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23245 AbstractThe iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women is one of the nutrition problems that should deserve special attention and serious treatment. In 2006, 386 (58%) out of 667 pregnant women in the Puskesmas working area of sawang sub district, Kabupaten Aceh Utara suffered from iron deficiency anemia. This high percentage indicated the area had a serious problem of pregnant women. The quality of nutritional status of pregnant women is one of the indicators to determine the quality of human resources in the future. This descriptive analytic research by using cross sectional design conducted from 19 March to 4 April 2007 in Puskesmas Sawang. A purposive sampling as well as chi-square test was used to analyze the data with the alpha 0.05. Results of uni-variation analysis showed that 69.8% respondent suffered from iron deficiency anemia. From the results of bi-variation analysis found that there was relationship between level of education, knowledge about nutrition, eating habits, consumption of iron tablets and family income of respondents with anemia (p value 0.05). Low level of education is a very dominant factor for respondent to get risk of anemia. It is recommended to increase knowledge of respondent on how importance of taking sufficient iron tablets regularly during pregnancy to prevent iron deficiency anemia. It is also necessary for Puskesmas staff of Sawang to increase counseling activities on the benefits of iron tablets to pregnant women and their husband, the community and religious leaders during pregnancy.Keywords : iron deficiency anemia, pregnant women, hemoglobin test, iron teblets
JAMINAN KESEHATAN ACEH (JKA) DAN PENGUATAN SISTEM KESEHATAN DI PROVINSI ACEH Abdullah, Asnawi
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v1i1.229

Abstract

Asnami Abdullah, PhD*Dosen Kopertis Wilayah I, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh AbstractMany strategies have been implemented to improve health system performance in Aceh since last five years including improving healthcare infrastructure, human resources capacity and financing systems. Since early June 2010, Government of Aceh has introduced a health insurance scheme called JKA. This study analysed to what extent the JKA scheme could strengthen health system performance in Aceh. The analysis was performed using the World Health Organization (WHO) health system framework. Theoretically, JKA could strengthen health system performance, however the balance of financial risk and incentive among implementers are the key success of program that should be taken into account by stakeholders. The scheme should not only focus on clinical curative services but also promotive and preventive services. Regular supervision and monitoring of impact on accessibility, the quality of care and level of satisfaction both patient and providers are key components of sustainability of scheme.Keywords : JKA, healthcare, health care, health insurance
Editorial - Kelebihan Berat Badan: Bukan Lagi Indikator Kemakmuran, namun Indikator Penyakit Abdullah, Asnawi
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v1i1.233

Abstract

Kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas sudah menjadi suatu epidemic baru ditatanan global. Menggunakan definisi World Health Organization (WHO) tentang obesitas (bila seseorang sudah mempunyai Body Mass Index (BMI) atau indeks masa tubuh (IMT) lebih besar sama dengan 30 kg/m2)  , sekarang ini secara global ada sekitar 1,6 milyar orang dewasa sudah masuk dalam kategori kelebihan berat badan (overwight) dan 400 juta diantaranya terindikasi obese secara klinik (clinically obese)[1]. Di beberapa negara seperti Amerika Serikat (the USA), prevalence obesitas sudah mencapai titik yang mengkhawatirkan dan telah dianggap suatu ancaman terhadap tatanan system kesehatan nasional negara tersebut[2],[3]. Betapa tidak, di tahun 2007 – 2008 saja, sudah 35.5% penduduk Amerika yang menderita obesitas[4]. Anehnya, epidemic ini tidak hanya terjadi di Negara maju, namun juga sudah merambah ke Negara berkembang. Beberapa Negara berkembang di timur tengah misalnya seperti Arab Saudi Arabia, prevalence obesitas bahkan sudah mencapai 35.6% pada tahun sejak satu decade yang lalu[5]. Di Indonesia, belum ada data yang akurat, namun beberapa survey melaporkan bahwa sekitar 24% wanita Indonesia sudah menderita obesitas[6]. Angka ini diperkirakan akan terus meningkatnya seiring dengan perubahan gaya hidup dan perubahan pola konsumsi makanan dikalangan masyarakat Indonesia.Dulu, kelebihan berat badan sering diasosiasikan sebagai salah satu indicator kemakmuran seseorang. Namun penelitian belakangan ini, terutama di Negara maju, prevalensi obesitas tertinggi justru di kalangan masyarakat dengan social ekonomi rendah. Di Negara berkembang, memang prevalensi obesitas masih dilaporkan lebih tinggi dikalangan masyarakat berpenghasilan tinggi, namun ke depan diperkirakan akan berubah seiring peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat akan pola hidup sehat; peningkatan kesadaran akan pentingnya olah raga dan kebugaran dikalangan masyarakat terutama masyarakat dengan sosial ekonomi tinggi dan masyarakat yang mempunyai daya beli akan makanan-makanan sehat dan gizi seimbang. Makanan siap saji fast food sudah mulai ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat berpenghasilan tinggi, namun sebaliknya masyarakat dengan social ekonomi menengah dan rendah justru baru menikmatinya. Tidak heran pangsa pasar makanan fast food saat ini bergeser ke pinggiran kota dan kota-kota kecil. Tidak akan lama lagi, kegemukan juga akan bergeser ke masyarakat berpenghasilan menengah dan rendah dan obesitas bukan lagi indicator kemakmuran namun justru indikator kehidupan masih “pas-pasan”.Selain bukan lagi indicator kemakmuran, hal yang menarik, belakangan ini, obesitas sudah dianggap sebagai suatu penyakit. Bila anda gemuk, maka anda sedang menderita penyakit. Hal ini didukung oleh berbagai hasil kajian dan publikasi ilmiah di berbagai jurnal internasional. Penelitian-penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa obesitas merupakanfaktor resiko berbagai penyakit kronik. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO)[7] menginventarisir sedikitnya ada 20 jenis penyakit berkaitan dengan obesitas, termasuk: insulin resistensi, dyslipidaemia, type-2 diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi, stroke, osteoarthritis, meningkatnya uricacid dalam darah, kanker, gangguan kesuburan danjanin pada ibu yang menderita obesitas. Sebagai contoh, hasil studi meta-analysis terbaru, menyimpulkan bahwa orang yang mempunyai kelebihan berat badan (obesitas), mempunyai resiko tujuh kali lebih besar untuk menderita type-2 diabetes dari pada orang yang mempunyai berat badan normal (relative risk (RR) 7.19 (95% CI: 5.74 – 9.00)[8]. Overweight mempunyai resiko menderita ischemic stroke 22% kali lebih besar dari pada orang normal, sedangkan obesitas mencapai 64% lebih tinggi dengan RR secara berturut-turut 1.22 (95% CI: 1.05 – 1.41) dan 1.64 (95% CI: 1.36 – 1.99)[9]. Meta-analysis studi dari 33 cohort studi negara-negara Asia Pasifik[10] menyimpulkan bahwa setiap dua unit peningkatan BMI, akan meningkatkan resiko jantung koroner (coronary heart diseases) sebesar 11% (95% CI: 9% - 13%). Disamping itu, masalahnya tidak hanya dengan beberapa berat, namun juga lamanya seseorang obese; makin lamanya seseorang hidup dengan kelebihan berat badan baik overweight mupun obesitas, makin besar resiko untuk menderita berbagai penyakit di atas. Hasil penelitian terbaru disimpulkan bahwa setiap dua tahun seseorang hidup dengan kelebihan berat badan (obesitas), maka resiko menderita type 2 diabetes meningkat sebesar 13% [RR=1.13 (95% CI 1.09 – 1.17)] untuk laki-laki dan sekitar 12% untuk wanita dengan RR 1.12 (95% CI 1.08 – 1.16)[11]. Bahkan beberapa penelitian melaporkan obesitas mempunyai juga resiko kematian dini[12]- [13] - [14]-[15] -[16]. Ini semuanya mengindikasikan bahwa ternyata obesitas sama sekali bukan lagi indicator kemakmuran, namun justru indicator penyakit dan kematian dini.[1] World Health Organization. Fact Sheet: Obesity and Overweight. http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html. Accessed 20 May 2010. [2] Task Force on Childhood Obesity. Solving the Problem of Childhood Obesity within a Generation: White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity Report to the President 2010. [3] Gregg EW, Guralnik JM. Is disability obesity’s price of longevity? JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2007; 298 (17) : 2066 – 2067. [4] Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults. 1999-2008. Jan 20 2010;303 (3) : 235 – 241. [5] Low S, Chin MC, M. D – Y. Review on epidemic of obesity. Ann Acad Med Singapore. Jan 2009;38 (1):57-59. [6] Sassi F. Obesity and the Economics of Prevention : Fit not Fat. Vol 2010: OECD; 2010. [7] World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. WHO Technical Report Series. Geneva;2000. [8] Abdullah A, Peeters A, de Courten M, Stoelwinder J. The Magnitude of association between overweight and obesity and the risk of diabetes: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2010;89 (3) : 309-319. [9] Strazzullo P, D’Elia L, Cairella G, Garbagnati F, Cappuccio FP, Scalfi L. Excess body weight and incidence of stroke: meta-analysis of prospective studies with 2 million participants. Stroke. May 2010;41 (5):e418-426. [10] Ni Mhurchu C, Rodgers A, Pan WH, Gu DF, Woodward M. Body mass index and cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific Region: an overview of 33 cohorts involving 310.000 participants. Int J Epidemiol. Aug 2004;33(4):751-758. [11] Abdullah A, Stoelwinder J, Shortreed S, et al. The duration of obesity and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Public Health Nutrition. Jun 29 2010: Available on JCO 29 Jun 2010; doi: 2010.1017/S1368980010001813.[12] Ringback Weitoft G, Eliasson M, Rosen M. Underweight, overweight and obesity as risk factors for mortality and hospitalization. Scand J Public Health. Mar 2008;36 (2):169-176. [13] McGee DL, Diverse Populations C. Body mass index and mortality: a meta-analysis based on personal-level data from twenty-six observational studies. Ann Epidemiol. Feb 2005;15 (2): 87 – 97.[14] Janssen I, Mark AE. Elevated body mass index and mortality risk in the elderly.Obes Rev. Jan 2007; 8 (1):41-59.[15] Hu FB. Obesity Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.[16] Abdullah A, Wolfe R, Stoelwinder JU, et al. The number of years lived with obesity and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Int J Epidemiol. Feb 27 2011, doi:10.1093/ije/dyr018.
ANALISA KEBUTUHAN TENAGA PERAWAT DI RUANG RAWAT INAP PRIA DAN WANITA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM MEURAXA KOTA BANDA ACEH TAHUN 2008 Oktaviza, Yenni
Jukema (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh) Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37598/jukema.v1i1.225

Abstract

Yenni Oktaviza1, Amal Chalik Sjaaf2Peminatan AKK, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23245Kajian Adm. Rumah Sakit, Fakultas Kesehatan Msyarakat, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru Depok, Indonesia. AbstractPublic Hospital of Meuraxa Banda Aceh is one of the types B hospital of Aceh Province (RSUM). The estimation of nurses need for this hospital in year 2008 was done by using Workload Indicator Staffing Needs (WISN). This research was conducted both in male and female in-patients wards of hospital in September 2008. This is a descriptive research by using both qualitative and quantitative approach. The population was the whole activities of nurses working in both in male and female in-patients of male and female of the hospital. Sample was the nurse activities in wards of in-patients of male and female of the hospital by observing using work sampling forms and time record forms of the nurse main activities done by time observer (data collector). Qualitative approach was done by using in-depth interview to get information from the Heads of both male and female in patients’ wards. Compared to the available nurses in male ward was 12/7 = 1.71 (171%) or over 71%. The surplus ratio did not mean that many nurses did not work but by using WISN need rate they can improve productivity and quality service as well.Keywords : nurses needed, WISN, ward, service quality

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