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Eny Maryanti
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INDONESIA
Journal of Accounting Science
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : 25483501     EISSN : 25483501     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/jas
Core Subject : Economy,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance
Aim: to facilitate scholar, researchers, and teachers for publishing the original articles of review articles. Scope: accounting science include: financial accounting, management accounting, tax accounting, islamic accounting and auditing
Arjuna Subject : Bisnis, Menejemen, dan Akutansi (semua kategori) - Akuntansi
Articles 144 Documents
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Corporate Governance, Financial Performance, and Sustainability Disclosure Alya Salma Zahrani; Ajeng Tita; Bima Rafly Fachrezzi
Journal of Accounting Science Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jas.v10i2.2035

Abstract

General Background: The disclosure of sustainability reports has become a critical aspect of modern business practices as it reflects a company’s commitment to sustainability, transparency, and social responsibility. Specific Background: In the mining sector, particularly among companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), sustainability reporting has received greater attention during the 2020–2023 period due to increasing stakeholder demands for ESG transparency. Knowledge Gap: However, few studies have examined the influence of profitability, firm size, firm activities, audit committees, and boards of directors on sustainability report disclosures in Indonesian mining companies. Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of profitability, firm size, firm activities, audit committees, and boards of directors on sustainability report disclosures. Method: This quantitative study uses panel data from 33 mining companies selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using panel regression with EViews 12, while model selection was performed using the Chow and Hausman tests. Results: The findings indicate that firm size and the audit committee have a positive and significant effect on sustainability report disclosure, whereas profitability, firm activities, and the board of directors do not have a significant effect. Novelty: This study combines financial performance and corporate governance variables to provide empirical evidence from Indonesian mining companies. Implications: Companies should strengthen the effectiveness of their audit committees and maintain consistent sustainability reporting practices.
Beyond Firm Age: Corporate Governance, CSR, and Operational Scale as Financial Performance Drivers Elyn Rachmawati; Nur Handayani
Journal of Accounting Science Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jas.v10i2.2052

Abstract

General Background: Balancing profit with responsibility remains a fundamental challenge for resource-intensive industries worldwide. Specific Background: In Indonesia’s mining and energy sectors, post-pandemic shifts in commodities, evolving regulations and rising ESG expectations have made Corporate Governance (CG), CSR and operational scale (SOP) crucial factors for long-term sustainability. Knowledge Gap: Previous research has examined CG, CSR, SOP and the company’s operational age (MOP) in isolation, leaving a gap in our understanding of how these factors interact within Indonesia’s extractive industries. Objective: This study examines the simultaneous effects of CG, CSR and SOP on financial performance and assesses the moderating role of MOP amongst mining and energy companies listed on the IDX from 2019 to 2023. Methods: Moderated regression analysis was applied to panel data from 62 mining and energy companies listed on the IDX over the period 2019–2023. Results: CG, CSR and SOP each significantly improved financial performance, whilst MOP did not exhibit a moderating effect. Novelty: This study regards a zero-moderation effect as a significant finding, which calls into question the application of organisational life-cycle theory in Indonesia’s extractive sector in the post-pandemic era. Implications: Strong governance and CSR drive financial performance regardless of a company’s age, thereby encouraging early ESG investment and the consistent pursuit of sustainability.
Rejecting the Policy of Granting Tax Incentives to Donor Companies: Compelling Justifications Younis A. Battal Saleh
Journal of Accounting Science Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jas.v10i2.2054

Abstract

General Background: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is widely understood as a firm’s ethical commitment to society that extends beyond the pursuit of profit. Specific Background: In many countries, however, tax incentive policies for corporate donors may reshape this understanding by linking socially oriented activities to fiscal benefits. Knowledge Gap: Although the intersection between tax policy and CSR has become increasingly important, prior studies have not adequately clarified how such incentives may conceptually distort the meaning of CSR. Objective: This article therefore seeks to explain the forms of distortion generated by policies that provide tax incentives to corporate donors. Methods: To do so, the study applies logical justification and rational argumentation to evaluate whether these policies are consistent with the substantive principles of CSR. Results: The analysis indicates that tax incentive policies can distort CSR by encouraging firms to prioritize financial advantage over ethical commitment and by weakening the normative basis of social responsibility. This distortion is also shown to be inconsistent with the concepts of corporate social costs, stakeholder theory, corporate social contract theory, and tax justice. Novelty: Accordingly, this article offers a critical perspective on the relationship between tax policy and CSR, an issue that remains insufficiently explored in the literature. Implications: The findings contribute to CSR and tax scholarship and provide conceptual considerations that may inform reforms in the tax treatment of corporate donations to prevent further erosion of CSR principles.
Governance Characteristics and Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Indonesia Anis Muviqotul Azizah; Sri Andriani
Journal of Accounting Science Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jas.v10i2.2066

Abstract

General Background: Tax avoidance is a crucial issue in corporate governance and public finance as it directly affects government revenue and corporate legitimacy. Specific Background: In the energy and raw materials sector, tax avoidance is a growing concern due to the size of companies’ asset bases, the complexity of their operations, and their high social and environmental exposure, which makes internal governance factors highly relevant in explaining tax avoidance behaviour. Knowledge Gap: Previous research on tax avoidance in Indonesia has yielded mixed results, as most studies have analysed corporate characteristics in isolation and have not focused sufficiently on sector-specific conditions, particularly in the energy and raw materials sectors. Objective: This study examines the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR), gender diversity and firm size on tax avoidance, both partially and simultaneously. Method: This study employs panel data regression analysis using secondary data sourced from the annual and sustainability reports of energy and raw materials companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the years 2022–2024. Results: An R² value of 0.944 indicates that the research model is able to explain tax avoidance to a significant extent. Novelty: This study was conducted following the enactment of the HPP Act in Indonesia; given this issue, it is believed that more accurate information is required regarding the latest measures relating to tax avoidance. Implications: The findings can serve as input for various stakeholders, such as the government, companies and investors, in promoting more transparent tax practices and strengthening corporate governance.
Pressure, Targets, and Disguised Microcredit Fraud Dian Irani Agustina; Nazaruddin Malik; Driana Leniwati
Journal of Accounting Science Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jas.v10i2.2100

Abstract

General background: Microcredit is vital for expanding access to capital for micro and small enterprises, but its rapid growth has increased the risk of fraud. Specific background: One common form is ‘masked credit’, whereby loans are granted to ineligible recipients but are still considered administratively valid due to pressure to meet credit disbursement targets. Knowledge gap: Previous research has focused primarily on methods of detecting fraud and the factors influencing it, meaning that a phenomenological understanding of the perpetrators’ experiences has not been fully explored. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate how perpetrators experience pressure and justify fraudulent actions in microcredit practices using a phenomenological approach. Method: This study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach using a phenomenological design. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with key informants and the examination of various documents relating to microcredit operational practices. Results: The findings of this study reveal that the demand to meet credit disbursement targets is a major factor contributing to fraudulent practices. Furthermore, accounting practices were found to function as an administrative tool capable of disguising problematic transactions so that they appear to meet formal requirements, even though they substantially involve elements of fraud. Novelty: This study expands the fraud triangle and fraud diamond theories by positioning accounting as a mechanism of symbolic and ethical legitimisation. Implications: These findings highlight the need to strengthen ethical governance, moral awareness and internal controls to prevent the normalisation of fraud in the microcredit banking sector.
Green Accounting Adoption In Forestry Ministry: A Theory of Planned Behavior Case Study Dwi Apriana; Khairudin Khairudin
Journal of Accounting Science Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jas.v10i2.2112

Abstract

General Background: Climate change demands transparent environmental reporting. Specific Background: Green Accounting (GA) is an instrument that aligns economic and environmental aspects in the financial reporting system, but the Ministry of Forestry, as a public sector, has not implemented it comprehensively. Knowledge Gap: Most research on GA has been conducted in the private sector, and none has revealed the readiness of GA implementation within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Objective: To explore the  Ministry of Forestry's readiness to implement GA in the areas of regulation, human resources, and reporting systems, using the TPB framework. Methods: This research is qualitative, using a case-study approach through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews with policymakers, and expert judgment from environmental accounting experts. Results: The public sector is not yet ready to implement GA because formal policies and technical guidelines do not yet support it, while employee attitudes toward GA are positive. Novelty:  This study is the first application of TPB in the public sector in the context of environmental accounting, which also highlights the importance of regulations and technical guidelines for GA implementation. Implications: These findings emphasize the importance of government regulations and technical guidance for the implementation of GA in the public sector.
AI-Supported Financial Analysis and Iraqi Bank Performance Evaluation Ammar Ghazi Ibrahim Al-Ezzi
Journal of Accounting Science Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jas.v10i2.2116

Abstract

General Background: The rapid digital transformation of the banking sector has increased the need for advanced tools to enhance financial performance evaluation. Specific Background: In the Iraqi banking industry, traditional financial analysis methods remain dominant despite growing interest in artificial intelligence (AI)-driven approaches. Knowledge Gap: Limited empirical evidence exists on the effectiveness of AI-supported financial analysis in improving accuracy and predictive capability within developing banking contexts. Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of AI-driven financial analysis on evaluating and predicting the financial performance of Iraqi banks. Methods: Using a descriptive–analytical approach, the study examines key financial indicators—capital adequacy, profitability, liquidity, activity, and leverage—applied to a sample of Iraqi banks based on 2023 financial statements, and employs a linear regression model as an AI technique for prediction. Results: The findings reveal a close alignment between actual and predicted values, indicating that AI-assisted analysis provides acceptable predictive accuracy while enhancing evaluation efficiency. Novelty: The study integrates traditional financial indicators with AI-based modeling in the Iraqi banking context. Implications: The results highlight the importance of adopting AI in financial analysis systems to improve decision-making quality and align with contemporary digital transformation trends.
How ESG Disclosure Affects Financial Performance Alim Matur Rosyidah; Rizdina Azmiyanti
Journal of Accounting Science Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jas.v10i2.2119

Abstract

General Background: The market is increasingly sustainability-focused, with ESG disclosures enhancing corporate transparency, investor trust, and long-term value. Specific Background: In Indonesia's consumer non-cyclicals sector, ESG disclosure’s impact on financial performance remains inconsistent. Knowledge Gap: Most studies use composite ESG indices, overlooking the separate impacts of each dimension, research analyzing these individually in Indonesia remains limited. Objective: This study analyzes the effect of environmental, social, and governance disclosure on the financial performance of non-cyclical companies on the IDX 2022–2024. Method: Using quantitative methods used secondary data from annual reports, sustainability reports, and Bloomberg with a sample of 18 companies (54 observations) using purposive sampling and regression analysis on panel data using EViews 13. Results: The results indicate that social and governance disclosure has a positive and significant influence on financial performance while environmental disclosure does not have a significant influence. Novelty: This study indicates that positive impacts only come from social aspects with governance so that it can clarify the influence on each dimension previously covered in composite ESG. Implications: These results can provide a lesson for managers and investors that social and governance aspects have a stronger financial impact than environmental aspects.
Board Diversity, Audit Oversight, and Intellectual Capital in Corporate Performance Muhammad Rizqi Alriansyah Manurung; Anwar Hariyono; Juli Riyanto Tri Wijaya
Journal of Accounting Science Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jas.v10i2.2122

Abstract

General Background: Corporate performance is a key issue in corporate governance research as it reflects a company’s ability to create value and maintain competitiveness. Specific Background: Governance mechanisms, including audit committees and board characteristics such as the gender and age of directors, are considered important in shaping corporate performance, whilst intellectual capital is increasingly viewed as a strategic resource for value creation. Knowledge Gap: Previous research has largely examined governance and intellectual capital variables in isolation, with limited evidence regarding the integration of these variables within a single model and the testing of the moderating role of intellectual capital. Objectives: This study examines the influence of the audit committee, directors’ gender and directors’ age on firm performance and tests whether intellectual capital acts as a moderator in these relationships. Method: Using a quantitative approach, this study analyses secondary data from 32 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the period 2021–2024 using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS 4 software. Results: Directors’ gender and intellectual capital have a positive and significant effect on firm performance, whilst the audit committee, directors’ age, and all interaction terms are not significant. Novelty: This study integrates various governance and intellectual capital variables within a single framework. Implications: Firms should strengthen gender diversity and intellectual capital to improve performance.
Do Governance Mechanisms Fail? Evidence From Indonesia’s Technology Sector Arief Darmawan; Ali Rahman Reza Zaputra; Marlina Marlina
Journal of Accounting Science Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jas.v10i2.2125

Abstract

General Background: Fraudulent Financial Reporting undermines financial reliability and investor confidence. Corporate governance and internal audit are key mechanisms to reduce fraud risk. Specific Background: In the technology sector, rapid growth, uncertainty, and performance pressure—especially during the “tech winter”—increase incentives for earnings manipulation, raising doubts about governance effectiveness. Knowledge Gap: The effectiveness of governance and internal audit remains unclear due to inconsistent findings and reliance on disclosure-based measures. Research on Indonesia’s technology sector is still limited. Objective: This study examines the relationship between Good Corporate Governance, internal audit effectiveness, and fraudulent financial reporting in Indonesian technology companies during the 2022–2024 period. Method : Using 93 firm-year observations from 31 listed firms by employs disclosure-based indices to measure governance and internal audit effectiveness while the Beneish M-Score is used to identify the likelihood of financial statement manipulation. Multiple regression analysis is applied to evaluate the relationship between the variables. Results : The findings reveal that neither corporate governance nor internal audit effectiveness has a significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting. Furthermore, the model demonstrates relatively low explanatory power, suggesting that financial reporting fraud may be influenced more strongly by other organizational or financial factors. These results also indicate that governance practices within the sector may tend to emphasize formal compliance rather than substantive monitoring effectiveness. Novelty : This study challenges agency theory assumptions and highlights the limitations of disclosure-based proxies in capturing actual governance effectiveness. Implications: Formal compliance alone is insufficient to prevent fraudulent financial reporting. Companies should improve the quality of governance implementation and regulators should adopt quality-based supervision approaches and investors are encouraged to complement governance assessments with forensic financial analysis.

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