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Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture

carakatani
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Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret

ISSN : 26139456 EISSN : 25992570 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.

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Articles 10 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 21, No 1 (2006): March" : 10 Documents clear

Keterkaitan Undang-undang Pokok Agraria dengan Revitalisasi Pertanian Sutarto, Sutarto
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 21, No 1 (2006): March
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Revitalization in not retorika. Destination of agricultural revitalization is farming development. And farming development requires farming economic growth and structural change. Both are necessary to increase the national income and to create employment opportunities. However, economic growth and structural change would be materialized smoothly if, only if, its development was based on an agricultural development and the management of agrarian objects. So that must optimally manage allocation, the stock employment and the maintenance of the agrarian objects for the present generation as well as the future in order to achieve the prosperous society. Hopefully, the agrarian objects can be optimally managed and used for the present and future generation to reach the prosperous society.

Prospek Usaha Tanaman Hias dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Petani dan Wilayah Widayanto, Budi
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 21, No 1 (2006): March
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Agriculture development dilemma always faced to classic problem, namely peasant society developing with limited anatomy. Peasant anatomy, such as many people, low education, limited land and poor, inefficient, limited technology and capital, and low productivity.On the other side, new alternative commodities which profit oriented like ornamental plant farm. This phenomenon ideal can to be managed and combined to overcoming the classic problem between peasant empowerment and urban region that have limited on economic chance and defend of agricultural country.Farm internalization can be done base on initiative Â building/group or institutional approach through institution which competent in building of peasant in the region. The policy is necessary to get performance of agriculture development (agribusiness) which narrow can be empower peasant and increasing export of agriculture product as a whole.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Daun Pepaya Sebagai Bahan Pakan dan Lama Penghentiannya Terhadap Performan dan Kualitas Daging Kambing Bligon Edi Suryanto; Ni Luh Putu Sriyani; M Ichsan Harris
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 21, No 1 (2006): March
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Agricultural waste products used as livestock feed are rice straw, peanut straw, zea mays straw and others. Waste of pepaya’s estate can be used as feedstuff as well especially pepaya leaves. Small ruminants such as goats are able to adapt well with various available forages. Farmers in Borobudur District, Magelang Regency have fed their goats with pepaya leaves and according to them the goat can grow well, fat and healthy. However, there were information from consumers and goat slaughterers that the meat produced and its visceral organs especially liver were organoleptically unacceptable due to the bitter taste and the slightly greenish in colour. The experiment using 27 female bligon goat of about 6 month old with the average body weight of 13,9 ± 0,8 kg was carried out to find a good solution of the above problem. The goat were randomly divided into three group feeding treatments and fed with ration of R0 (control/without pepaya leaves consisting of 10% leaves of waru/Hibiscus tiliacus leaves, 15% leaves of jackfruit/ Artocarpus heterophyllus and 75% native grass), R1 (25% pepaya leaves and 75% native grass), and R2 (50% pepaya leaves and 50% native grass). After 10 weeks the feeding trial was stopped and then all goats were fed with R0 ration (pepaya’s feed withdrawal) for two weeks. Meanwhile three goats from each group were taken for slaughter (first slaughtering at week 0 of pepaya’s feed withdrawal). The second and third slaughtering were caried out at week 1 and week 2of pepaya’s feeding withdrawal. The data collected were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance of completely randomized design (bligon goat performances, chemical composition and physical quality of meat) and analysis of non parametric for the sensorial characteristics of meat, any differences among the treatments were further-tested using Duncan test (DMRT). The results showed that the ration containing pepaya leaves significantly influenced the final body weight (P<0.05) and feed consumption (P<0.01) of bligon goats but not their average daily gains and carcass percentages. Chemical composition of the meat of bligon goat was significantly influenced by pepaya leaves (P<0.05). Fat content of bligon goat meat significantly increased as the level of pepaya leaves in the ration increased. On the other hand, the fat would decrease as the pepaya’s withdrawal commencing (P<0.05). Pepaya leaves significantly decreased pH and water holding capacity of the meat (P<0.05) but it did not increase the tenderness. Pepaya leaves significantly caused bitter taste in the meat and the liver of bligon goat (P<0.05). The bitter taste of the meat and liver would gradually decrease as the pepaya’s withdrawal commencing (P<0.05). The conclusion of the experiment was that pepaya leaves could be used as part of the bligon goat ration without affecting the performances of the animals, however, the pepaya’s feeding should be stopped as least two weeks before slaughtering to eliminate the bitter taste from the meat and liver of the bligon goat.

Pemanfaatan Kotoran Ayam untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Pucuk Tebu Sebagai Pakan Ruminasia C I Sutrisno; B.W.H.E Prasetyono; E Ali
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 21, No 1 (2006): March
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Experiment was carried out in two stages. The first was aimed to study the viabilty of microbe of dried-oven manure and dried-sunshine manure. Completely Randomized Design (CDR), 3 treatments and 4 replications, was used throughout the experiment with content of manure microbe as the parameters. The research result indicates that the way of draining degraded the viability of microbia manure. Manure microbia’s viability of dried-oven manure was better than that of the dried-sunshine manure.The second was aimed to investigate the effect of dried-manure as starter with different time of fermentation on the quality of fermented sugar cane. Completely Randomized Design, factorial pattern 3x3 by 3 replications was employed during the experiment. The first factor was starter levels (A): 0, 15 and 30%, while the second was different time of fermentation (W): 0, 4 dan 8 week. Parameter perceived by fermented fiber component, which analysis by Analysis of Variance, while the differences among the treatment were tested with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT), continued by Polinomial Ortogonal. Fermented sugar cane by dry manure with different time of fermentation degraded the rate of NDF and ADF. The best performance was reached at 30% of starter and 4 weeks of fermentation.

Prospek Agribisnis Berbasis Tanaman Hias Usaha Bungan Sedap Malam dan Anggrek Vanda Douglas (Tinjauan Khusus Usahatani, Harga dan Permintaan) Agus Santosa
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 21, No 1 (2006): March
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Along with development era and change of generation caused the revolution of cultivation and culture of Indonesian people, in term of good and service consumption. Demand of esthetic needs take a lot portion. This condition give opportunity for market player Ornamental Plant in many kinds of product to fulfill esthetic need for consumer. This paper object: 1) to show the business prospect on the several activity of Ornamental Plant business, and 2) to show the trend of Ornamental Plant demand. The method used Literature Study from many result of the research about Ornamental Plant by Agriculture Faculty at UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta.Result of the research indicate that: 1) “Sedap Malam” flower farm by 230 farmers in Grabag Sub-District at Magelang District is profitable as much Rp. 23,718,753,- per hectare per year or Rp. 6,773,585,- per month, 2) Business of orchid cutting flower (Vanda Douglas) at UD. Vanditia in Mlati Sub-District, Sleman Regency of Yogyakarta for the first three years is profitable as much Rp. 345,916,725,- per hectare or Rp. 115,303,575,- per year per hectare with profit rate 56% per year per hectare, 3) Demand of Vanda Douglas orchid cutting flower in Borobudur Park at Magelang Regency and Vanditia Farm fluctuated that influence by religious event, price of another orchid, and price of Vanda Douglas orchid.In conclusion, Agribusiness on Ornamental Plant is proved have profitable and prospect to develop in the next period (era)

Tampilan Kadar Asam Lemak Omega-3 dan Kolesterol Telur Ayam Konsumsi yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Limbah Minyak Ikan Lemuru (Sardinella longiceps) Joko Riyanto
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 21, No 1 (2006): March
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

The experiment was conducted to find of the effects of using sardine oil in rations on the performance of laying hens and quality eggs, especially the omega-3 fatty acids content in the chicken egg. There were four group of in this experiment: L0 (commercial feed) as control treatment, L1 (L0+5% sardine oil), L2 (L0+10% sardine oil) and L3 (L0+15% sardine oil). Data analyzed Completely Randomized Design (CDR) and each group consisted 24 quails. Results of this research showed that there are has a significant (P<0,05) effects on laying hens performance productions. The used of sardine oil in rations significantly influenced the omega-3 fatty acids and cholesterol content (P<0,05). The omega-3 fatty acid content on the egg consumption from the used of sardine oil in rations was highly (P<0,05) and the cholesterol content lower (P<0,05) than not the used of sardine oil in rations. The result showed that used of sardine oil in rations made the performance of laying hens better than the used of control rations. The increasing of sardine oils usage in rations to increased the omega-3 fatty acids content and to decrease of cholesterol content in the chicken egg. It was concluded that using sardine oil in the rations gave effect on the good performance of laying hens.

Pemanfaatan Gawangan Tanaman Sawit Produktif untuk Produksi Ubijalar (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.) H Agusta; A Setiawan; H Purnamawati; W Atmoko; T Sugiarto; A Rai
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 21, No 1 (2006): March
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

The purpose of the study was to test the production capability of 9 sweet potato genotypes under various oil palm shading levels. The field experiment on 7 and 8 year old plantation of oil palm was conducted at Cikabayan Research Station of Bogor Agricultural University from August 2003 to March 2004 and from January 2005 to June 2005. At the first experiment, eight sweet potato genotypes (cultivar Sukuh, cultivar Jago, BB. 96001.2, BB. 97096.4, AB. 94065.10, cultivar IR Melati, BB. 97020.10 and BB. 94572.2) were planted under four oil palm shading levels (90%, 79%, 68% dan 40%). At the second experiment, cultivar Shiroyutaka was planted undershading levels of 92.4%, 90.6%, 89.3%, 86.5%, 0% shading level (100% of sun light transmission) was used as a control at the both experiments.The result showed, that oil palm shading levels from 40%-90% decreased tuber and crown production. Genotype AB. 94065.10 was that most tolerant genotype to oil palm shading. Cultivar Sukuh was medium tolerant. The other genotypes were very susceptible againts the low light transmission stress.

Ampas Tahu Fermentasi Sebagai Bahan Pakan Ayam Pedaging Luthfi D Mahfudz
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 21, No 1 (2006): March
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Research about the use of tofu by product as feeds in broiler have been done used 60 broiler, Arbor Acres strain 1 week age which 120,08 ± 15,58 g of body weight. Tofu by product as one of component in feeds, fermented by yeast contain Rhyzopus Oligosporus and R. Oryzae. Feeds compiled with isoprotein and iso energy. In first period, protein content in feeds are 22% and 2.900 kkal/kg of metabolic energy, while in last period protein content are 20% and 3.000 kkal/kg of metabolic energy. Treatment in this research defined as the level of fermented tofu by product in feeds. The treatment are T0, T1, T2 and T3 that containing 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of fermented tofu by product. Parameter observed are feeds consumption, daily gain, feed coversion ratio, final weight and carcas percentage. Result from this research showed that feed consumption, daily gain, final weight and carcas percentage are increase significantly in line with the increasing of fermented tofu by product level, but carcas percentage was not significant. Meanwhile feed convertion significantly better in feeds contain fermented tofu by product. Conclusion taken from this research are fermented tofu by product increasing feeds quality and promoting growth of broiler.

Langkah Menuju Industri Peternakan Sapi Bali di Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Melalui Peternakan Terpadu Tanpa Limbah: Suatu Ulasan Adji S Dradjat; U Abdullah
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 21, No 1 (2006): March
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Three decades ago, West Nusa Tenggara or Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) was a resource of Bali cattle meat, to either provides national supply or export. However, since the year 2000, meat supply from NTB has been limited and there has been decreasing Bali cattle productivity. Low productivity of Bali cattle has been caused by severals factors such as: traditional way, in a small scale number cattle, in a relatively small size of land with limitation of feed availability in raising cattle. On the other hand, rice straw which potential for cattle feeding, has been burned which may induce pollution. In addition, cattle manure was also thrown to the field or to the river which may spread parasites infestation. As a consequuence, under NTB condition, Bali cattle has low productivity, with high cost of raising. Application of mixed farming may lead farm efficiency by reducing feeding cost, by using rice straws and processing manure as organic fertilizer. Mixed farming may provide solution to NTB farmers by leading zero waste and by inducing environmental friendly (eco-farming). Under mixed farming system, in order to improve cattle production, appropriate technology are essential to be implemented. Hopefully, production of Bali cattle and others agricultural comodities may increase optimally. Finally, higher income can be obtained and farmers may have a better live.

Prospek Pengembangan Integrasi Usaha Peternakan di Indonesia Kusuma Diwyanto; A Priyanti; R A Saptati
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 21, No 1 (2006): March
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Growth of animal husbandry require to be supported by various production equipment, one of them is feed availability. Feed material source of energy come from corn, cassava, paddy bran, grist bran, sago and others, while feed materials source of protein come from soybeans by product, fish meal, leaf leguminous, blood flour and others. Feed materials contain fibrous are grass, paddy hay, sugar cane sprout, husk of cacao and by-product from agriculture food crop represent the feed materials which is exploited for the livestock of ruminants, like cattle, sheep or goat. Opportunity to use agriculture by-product as feed in livestock will represent the challenge and at the same time also to optimize local resources which during the time not yet been exploited efficiently. On the other side, animal husbandry has the constraint in the case of supplying the demand of meat and animal stock. Through the approach of LEISA (low external input sustainable agriculture), every hectare agriculture field can produce feed material for feeding 2-3 cattle. In this case, livestock personating as compost factory, together with crop by product, which is finally the compost utilized as organic fertilizer for crop. In the effort improving livestock population with the low production cost, pattern of integration between livestock with the plantation and forest, needs to be developed through technical, social and also economic. One of the success key from this pattern in there no materials which unused, and also exploiting innovate correctly and efficient. Through pattern applying integration crop and livestock by external approach of low input, will be provide a livestock product that have a competitive value. For the reason, in the future livestock production through the integration system with crop become enough to draw and have good enough opportunity to be achieved.

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