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DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25811843     EISSN : 25811835     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Social,
Humanities Education Mathematics Social Sciences Other
DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik adalah jurnal yang dipublikasikan oleh Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Jurnal ini diterbitkan dua kali setahun, Agustus dan Desember P-ISSN 2581-1843, E-ISSN 2581-1835. Jurnal mencakup penelitian dan gagasan ilmiah tentang ilmu pendidikan, pendidikan ilmu sosial dan humaniora, dan pendidikan matematika dan ilmu alam. Pengajuan artikel, serta proses peninjauan, tidak dikenakan biaya (gratis). Jurnal ini juga telah menjadi anggota CrossRef. Oleh karena itu, Semua artikel yang diterbitkan oleh jurnal ini akan memiliki nomor DOI.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 3 (2024): December 2024" : 15 Documents clear
Development of the foldable comic 'Tabot Bengkulu' media to enhance cultural and civic literacy Nady Febri Ariffiando; Atika Susanti
DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik Vol 8, No 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jdc.v8i3.94001

Abstract

Literacy in education, particularly cultural and civic literacy, is a key priority in improving the learning process in schools. Despite various initiatives by the Ministry of Education and Culture, student literacy remains suboptimal, highlighting the need for innovative learning media. This study focuses on developing Folded Comic Media grounded in Bengkulu’s local culture to enhance students' cultural and civic literacy. Using the Borg and Gall development model, the research incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the media's effectiveness. Findings indicate that the Folded Comic Media significantly improved students' literacy, with average scores increasing from 70.37% in Cycle I to 84.09% in Cycle II. These results demonstrate the potential of locally contextualized learning tools in fostering cultural awareness and citizenship among elementary school students.
The influence of PWIM and PWIM-MID on descriptive writing skills in terms of writing self-efficacy Gusti Yarmi; Anggi Citra Apriliana; Prayuningtyas Angger Wardhani
DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik Vol 8, No 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jdc.v8i3.91989

Abstract

The aim of this research is to obtain a comprehensive picture of the influence of the Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) and Picture Word Inductive Model Based on Multiliteracy, Integrative and Differentiation (PWIM-MID) on the ability to write descriptive text in terms of students' writing self-efficacy. The sample in this research was class III students at Setiabudi 01 primary school, Setiabudi subdistrict, South Jakarta City. The method used is an experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The research results are as follows: 1) Learning to write descriptive text using the PWIM and PWIM-MID models is included in the quite effective category. 2) Based on the Two Ways Anova test, a sig value of 0.045 ˂ 0.05 was obtained, meaning that there was a difference in the increase in the ability to write descriptive text between students with the PWIM and PWIM-MID models. 3) Based on the Test of Between Subject Effect, a sig value of 0.424 ˃ 0.05 was obtained, students who have low writing self-efficacy do not necessarily have the ability to write low descriptive text and vice versa, students who have high writing self-efficacy do not necessarily have the ability to write high descriptive text. 4) Based on the calculation of the interaction effect, a sig value of 0.026 ˂ 0.05 is obtained, meaning that there is an interaction effect between the writing model and writing self-efficacy on increasing students' ability to write descriptive text. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that learning using the PWIM and PWIM-MID models is quite effective in implementing students who have different writing self-efficacy (low writing self-efficacy and high writing self-efficacy).
Peran feedback peserta didik dalam efektivitas pembelajaran terdiferensiasi di sekolah dasar Intan Budi Komara; Faisal Sadam Murron; Dwi Heryanto; Mochamad Faizal Zaman
DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik Vol 8, No 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jdc.v8i3.96331

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi pentingnya peran feedback peserta didik dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran terdiferensiasi. Pada penerapan feedback peserta didik ini sering kali tidak optimal, terutama di tingkat sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran feedback peserta didik yang dapat diintegrasikan secara efektif di SD, serta mengidentifikasi karakteristik peserta didik yang berbeda-beda dalam menggunakan feedback tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran feedback peserta didik dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran terdiferensiasi dengan adanya respon peserta didik terhadap tindak lanjut pembelajaran, namun masih terkendala oleh keterbatasan waktu dan pemahaman guru mengenai peran feedback peserta didik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peran feedback peserta didik untuk mempermudah pengumpulan dan analisis kebutuhan peserta didik yang berbeda-beda, serta memberikan wawasan kepada guru untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dalam merespons feedback peserta didik secara efektif. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah dapat memberikan kontribusi pada pengembangan pendekatan pembelajaran yang lebih inklusif dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan peserta didik di kelas. The role of student feedback in the effectiveness of differentiated learning in elementary schools Abstract: This study is motivated by the importance of the role of student feedback in improving the effectiveness of differentiated learning. The application of student feedback is often not optimal, especially at the elementary school level. This study aims to analyze the role of student feedback that can be integrated effectively in elementary schools, as well as to identify the characteristics of different students who use the feedback. This study uses a qualitative approach, using observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that the role of student feedback can improve differentiated learning with student responses to follow-up learning, but is still constrained by time constraints and teachers' understanding of the role of student feedback. This study recommends the role of student feedback in facilitating the collection and analysis of different student needs and providing insight to teachers to improve their skills in responding to student feedback effectively. The implications of this study are that it can contribute to the development of a more inclusive and responsive learning approach to the needs of students in the classroom.
Upaya peningkatan penguasaan kosakata pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris melalui Bingo Games di sekolah dasar Fitrotul Khasanah; Titi Anjarini; Arum Ratnaningsih
DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik Vol 8, No 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jdc.v8i3.94089

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata Bahasa Inggris siswa melalui penggunaan Bingo Games dalam pembelajaran di SDN Pageron Purworejo. Metode yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 5 SDN Pageron Purworejo yang berjumlah 18 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Bingo Games terbukti signifikan dalam meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata Bahasa Inggris siswa. Data menunjukkan rata-rata peningkatan kosakata sebesar 72.92% setelah penerapan metode permainan ini selama 1 minggu. Peningkatan kosakata bervariasi antara siswa, dengan pe-ningkatan tertinggi mencapai 90.91% dan terendah 58.82%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa meski-pun metode ini secara umum efektif, ada perbedaan dalam dampaknya terhadap setiap siswa. Faktor-faktor seperti keterlibatan individu, motivasi, dan pemahaman awal siswa dapat mem-pengaruhi hasil. Metode permainan ini tidak hanya membantu siswa mengingat kosakata baru, tetapi juga meningkatkan keterlibatan dan motivasi siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Selain itu, Bingo Games mendorong interaksi antar siswa, yang berkontribusi pada pencapaian hasil belajar yang lebih baik. Efforts to improve vocabulary acquisition in English language learning through Bingo Games at elementary school Abstract: This research aims to improve students' mastery of English vocabulary through the use of Bingo Games in learning at SDN Pageron Purworejo. The method used is classroom action research (PTK) with a qualitative approach. This research was carried out in two cycles. The research subjects were 18 grade 5 students at SDN Pageron Purworejo. The research results showed that the use of Bingo Games proved significant in improving students' mastery of English vocabulary. Data shows an average increase in vocabulary of 72.92% after implementing this game method for 1 week. Vocabulary increases varied between students, with the highest increase reaching 90.91% and the lowest 58.82%. This shows that although these methods are generally effective, there are differences in their impact on individual students. Factors such as individual engagement, motivation, and students' prior understanding can influence outcomes. This game method not only helps students remember new vocabulary but also increases student involvement and motivation in the learning process. In addition, Bingo Games encourage interaction between students, which contributes to achieving better learning outcomes.
Bahan ajar elektronik (Booktik) batik tulis Trenggalek berbasis android sebagai inovasi pembelajaran sejarah lokal SMA di Kabupaten Trenggalek Shofia Hamdallah Mukti; Muhammad Akhyar; Akhmad Arif Musadad
DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik Vol 8, No 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jdc.v8i3.92752

Abstract

Pembelajaran sejarah adalah salah satu upaya untuk menyampaikan kajian sejarah lokal yang ada di lingkungan sekitar dari peserta didik. salah satu kajian sejarah lokal yang dapat dikaji dalam pembelajaran sejarah lokal adalah meateri batik tulis Trenggalek. Materi tersebut dikemas dalam bahan ajar elektronik "booktik", yang didesain mengikuti perkembangan teknologi. Tujuannya untuk memberikan pengetahuan kelokalan pada peserta didik di SMA negeri di Kecamatan Karangan. Bahan ajar yang inovatif diharapkan mampu memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi guru dan peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Lokasi penelitian yang diambil  adalah SMA Negeri 1 Karangan dan SMA Negeri 2 Karangan. Pembuatan bahan ajar elektronik booktik berbasis android dalam proses pembelajaran diharapkan dapat memberikan pengetahuan kelokalan dan inovasi bahan ajar. Siswa akan diharapkan memperoleh hasil belajar yang baik dengan memiliki bahan ajar yang berkualitas. Electronic Teaching Materials (Booktik) Batik Tulis Trenggalek based on android as an innovation in high school local history learning in Trenggalek Regency Abstract: History learning is one of the efforts to convey local historical studies in the surrounding environment of students. One of the local historical studies that can be studied in local history learning is the Trenggalek batik material. The material is packaged in electronic teaching materials "Booktik", which is designed to follow technological developments. The aim is to provide local knowledge to students in state high schools in Karangan District. Innovative teaching materials are expected to have a significant impact on teachers and students in the learning process. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. The research locations taken were Karangan 1 State High School and Karangan 2 State High School. The creation of android-based Booktik electronic teaching materials in the learning process is expected to provide local knowledge and teaching material innovation. Students will be expected to obtain good learning outcomes by having quality teaching materials.
Meta-Analisis Problem Based Learning ditinjau dari Hasil Belajar Siswa Annida Luthfia Putri; Nanang Supriadi; Arini Alhaq
DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik Vol 8, No 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jdc.v8i3.94138

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak model pembelajaran problem based learning terhadap hasil belajar selama dan setelah pandemi covid-19, dengan mempertimbangkan seluruh jenjang pendidikan dan kondisi pandemi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dan jenis penelitian meta-analisis. Sampel terdiri dari delapan artikel jurnal penelitian terpublikasi yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan artikel jurnal ilmiah dari database Scopus sebagai data sekunder. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah coding data atau lembar pemberian kode. Berdasarkan hasil meta-analisis, ditemukan bahwa model pembelajaran problem based learning memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap hasil belajar, dengan satu artikel menunjukkan efek besar, lima artikel dengan efek sedang, dan satu artikel dengan efek kecil. Secara keseluruhan, rata-rata dampak model pembelajaran problem based learning terhadap hasil belajar adalah efek sedang, yaitu sebesar 0,8783. Effect size pada tingkat pendidikan dasar mencapai 1,061, dan setelah pandemi covid-19, Effect size mencapai 1,002. Kesimpulannya, model pembelajaran problem based learning terbukti signifikan dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar, terutama di tingkat pendidikan sekolah dasar dengan kondisi setelah pandemi covid-19. Meta-analysis of problem-based learning in terms of student learning outcomes Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the impact of problem-based learning models on learning outcomes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, considering all levels of education and pandemic conditions. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach and meta-analysis research type. The sample consisted of eight published research journal articles selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using scientific journal articles from the Scopus database as secondary data. The instrument used was a data coding or coding sheet. Based on the meta-analysis results, it was found that the problem-based learning model had a significant impact on learning outcomes, with one article showing a large effect, five articles with a medium effect, and one article with a small effect. Overall, the average impact of the problem-based learning model on learning outcomes was moderate, at 0.8783. The effect size at the basic education level reached 1.061, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, the effect size reached 1.002. In conclusion, the problem-based learning model is proven to be significant in improving learning outcomes, especially at the primary school education level with conditions after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pengembangan e-modul berbasis flip builder pada pokok bahasan larutan elektrolit dan non elektrolit kelas X Lidya Kristina Tualena; Yunita Pare Rombe; Murtihapsari Murtihapsari
DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik Vol 8, No 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jdc.v8i3.93167

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis tingkat kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan respon siswa terhadap penggunaan E-Modul larutan elektrolit dan non-elektrolit yang dikembangkan dengan aplikasi Flip Builder. Metode penelitian adalah Research & Development (R&D) pendekatan model ADDIE, yang mencakup lima tahapan: Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Teknik analisis data yaitu observasi, wawancara, lembar validasi, dan angket yang diisi oleh peserta didik. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa E-Modul yang dikembangkan memiliki tingkat validitas sebesar 91.96%. Hasil angket respon siswa tingkat kepraktisan diperoleh hasil sebesar 76.10% sehingga E-Modul larutan elektrolit dan Non Elektrolit valid dan praktis. Sehingga aktivitas dalam belajar mengajar dapat lebih jelas, efektif, efesien dan interaktif dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Development of e-modules based on flip builder on the subject of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions class X Abstract: This study aims to find out how to develop and determine the level of validity and practicality of the flip builder-based E-Module, as well as to find out the students' responses to the E-Module developed. This research method is Research & Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model which includes the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. Data collection tools in this study are observation, interviews, validation sheets, and student questionnaire sheets. Based on the results of the study the E-Module developed through the analysis stage (problem determination analysis and needs analysis), the design stage (designing the needs, objectives, content, and structure, visual design of the E-Module), the development stage (developing, and validating the E-Module in accordance with the suggestions of the validator) implementation (conducting trials of products that have been developed) and evaluation (E-Module in the final revision evaluation of the developed product). The research results from the assessment of the E-Modul validator developed have a validity level of 91.96%. Based on the results of the student response questionnaire, the practicality level was 76.10% so the electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution E-Modules were valid and practical to use.
Upaya meningkatkan kreativitas siswa sekolah dasar: A systematic literature review dan bibliometric analisis Mutia Permata Sari; Radhiatun Mardhiah; Mela Darmayanti
DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik Vol 8, No 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jdc.v8i3.86831

Abstract

Pentingnya siswa memiliki kreativitas terletak pada kemampuan mereka untuk berpikir inovatif dan mengatasi tantangan, sehingga upaya di tingkat SD untuk meningkatkan kreativitas sangatlah esensial agar siswa dapat mengembangkan potensi ini sejak dini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan tentang model, metode, media serta games dalam pembelajaran yang dapat diaplikasikan oleh guru guna meningkatkan kreativitas siswa Sekolah Dasar. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode SPAR-4-SLR (Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews). Basis data yang digunakan adalah google schoolar. Aplikasi untuk menggambarkan data visualisasi peneliti menggunakan vosviewer.  Berdasarkan 54 artikel terpilih, peneliti mengidentifikasi berbagai model, metode, media serta permainan dalam pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kreativitas siswa sekolah Dasar. Model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan adalah PJBL, kooperatif tipe picture and picture, Problem Based Learning (PBL), Creative Problem Solving (CrPS), RADEC, SAVI, experiential learning, Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), dan talking stick. Lalu metode yang dapat digunakan mind mapping, STEAM, inkuiri terbimbing, dan LSQ (Learning Start With Question). Lalu Penggunaan media pembelajaran visual, audio-visual, dan multimedia. Serta permainan dalam pembelajaran seperti tangram, playdough, dan ludo dapat meningkatkan kreativitas peserta didik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan kesimpulan, peneliti selanjutnya disarankan mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif yang lebih menarik untuk meningkatkan kreativitas siswa sekolah dasar. Efforts to improve the creativity of elementary school students: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis Abstract: The importance of students having creativity lies in their ability to think innovatively and overcome challenges, making efforts at the elementary school level to enhance creativity, which is essential for developing this potential from an early age. The goal of this research is to provide knowledge about models, methods, media, and games in education that teachers can apply to enhance elementary school students' creativity. This study employs the SPAR-4-SLR (Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews) method. The database used is Google Scholar, and Vosviewer is utilized for data visualization. Based on 54 selected articles, the researcher identified various models, methods, media, and games in education that can enhance elementary students' creativity. The models that can be used include PJBL, cooperative learning type picture and picture, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Creative Problem Solving (CrPS), RADEC, SAVI, experiential learning, Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), and the talking stick method. Additionally, methods such as mind mapping, STEAM, guided inquiry, and LSQ (Learning Starts With a Question) can be employed. The use of visual, audiovisual, and multimedia teaching media, as well as games like tangram, playdough, and ludo, can also increase student creativity. Based on the research findings and conclusions, future researchers are recommended to develop more interactive and engaging educational media to further enhance elementary school students' creativity.
Membangun Karakter Anak Melalui Etnopedagogik: Kajian Kualitatif Nilai Sipakatau dalam Pembimbingan Orang Tua Nurmukhsin Ilyas; Eviana Hikamudin; Salman Usman
DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik Vol 8, No 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jdc.v8i3.94490

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi penerapan nilai Sipakatau dalam pendidikan karakter anak oleh orang tua Bugis yang bermukim di Jawa Barat. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami bagaimana nilai budaya Sipakatau diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, peran orang tua sebagai teladan, serta tantangan yang dihadapi dalam mempertahankan nilai tersebut di tengah asimilasi budaya lokal dan global. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi, yang melibatkan wawancara mendalam, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan observasi partisipatif pada lima keluarga Bugis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu memiliki peran dominan dalam menanamkan nilai Sipakatau, meskipun ayah juga terlibat dalam pengawasan. Tantangan utama yang dihadapi adalah asimilasi budaya, keterbatasan waktu orang tua, dan pengaruh media sosial yang bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai Sipakatau. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya peran orang tua sebagai teladan dalam membentuk karakter anak dan memberikan kontribusi pada pelestarian budaya lokal. Temuan ini dapat menjadi acuan dalam merancang program pendidikan karakter berbasis budaya lokal di komunitas perantauan. Building children's character through ethnopedagogics: A qualitative study of the value of Sipakatau in parental guidance Abstract: This study aims to explore the application of Sipakatau values in children's character education by Bugis parents living in West Java. The main focus of this research was to understand how the cultural value of Sipakatau is applied in daily life, the role of parents as role models, and the challenges faced in maintaining this value amidst the assimilation of local and global cultures. This study used a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods, involving in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and participatory observation in five Bugis families. The results show that mothers have a dominant role in instilling the value of Sipakatau, although fathers are also involved in supervision. The main challenges faced are cultural assimilation, parents' limited time, and the influence of social media that contradicts Sipakatau values. This research emphasizes the importance of parent's role as role models in shaping children's character and contributing to the preservation of local culture. The findings can serve as a reference in designing local culture-based character education programs in overseas communities.
The students’ writing activities at Yogyakarta private elementary schools Dinar Martia Azizah
DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik Vol 8, No 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jdc.v8i3.93237

Abstract

Previous research studies have demonstrated that writing is a hard skill, particularly in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Indonesia, yet an essential English language skill that students need to master. In this context, writing activities are expected to be adapted to the characteristics and needs of the students to effectively support the development of this skill. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the variety of writing activities for private elementary school students in Yogyakarta. This research is a case study conducted at two private elementary schools in Yogyakarta, both of which share a similar background in achieving numerous accomplishments in the field of English language learning. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. Observations were conducted in grades I-IV at both schools. Interviews were conducted with the principal, five English teachers, and eight students. The researcher also analyzed documents including lesson plans, teacher guides, and student textbooks. The results of the study showed that The English teachers of ES A and B provided three forms of assistance to develop children's writing skills namely controlled, guided, and free writing activities. The controlled writing activities are carried out by implementing some techniques, i.e. copying, matching, and dictation. Guided writing activities were conducted using the exercise of filing incomplete blanks, dictation, and media such as invitations and postcards. Free writing activities were carried out through five distinct stages of writing, including finding a topic, holding a brainstorming session, organizing ideas into text, receiving feedback, and revising a draft. Although this study has described the variety of creative writing activities, it has not measured the extent to which these activities improve writing skills. Therefore, future researchers may explore studies that measure the impact of these activities, as well as the development of media and teaching materials, to support the enhancement of students' writing skills.

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