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Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan

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Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

ISSN : 25415166 EISSN : 25415174 DOI : 10.21082

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan merupakan publikasi yang memuat makalah ilmiah primer hasil penelitian tanaman pangan (padi dan palawija). Redaksi menerima makalah dari peneliti Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP), maupun perguruan tinggi. Makalah yang dikirimkan hendaknya sudah mendapat persetujuan dari pimpinan instansi masing-masing. Ketentuan penulisan makalah untuk dapat dimuat di jurnal ini tertera dalam "Author Guidelines/Petunjuk bagi Penulis" di halaman terakhir Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian.

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Articles 9 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012" : 9 Documents clear

Heritabilitas dan Harapan Kemajuan Genetik Beberapa Karakter Kuantitatif Populasi Galur F4 Kedelai Hasil Persilangan Hakim, Lukman; Suyamto, Suyamto
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The F4 soybean progenies derived from two cross combinations and their three parent varieties were evaluated for their heritability and expected genetic advances of quantitative traits, at Ngale Experimental Station, Ngawi, East Java during the dry season of 2009. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Seeds of each F4 progenies and their parents were sown in two rows of 4.5 m length of plots with a 40 cm x 15 cm plant spacing, two plants/hill. Plant population of each F4 progenies and their parents were 120 plants in each replication. Among the characters observed, seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, and days to maturity had the highest coefficient of variability, with the means of 50.4%, 47.4% and 43.9%, respectively. Number of branches, number of nodes per plant and days to flowering had the lowest coefficient of variability, and the means were 14.0%, 14.3% and 17.2%, respectively. The heritability estimates of the 8 quantitative characters ranged from 19.4% to 55.9%. Plant height, number of pods per plant, and days to maturity had the highest heritability estimates for the two crosses, namely 55.9%, 51.5% and 41.2%, respectively. The mean heritability estimate for seed yield per plant and number of nodes per plant were the lowest, namely 19.7% and 19.4%, respectively. Based on the F4 data, selection on the number of pods per plant had the highest expected genetic advances of 41.8%, followed by the days to maturity (40.7%) and the plant height (38.0%). The mean of expected genetic advances for the number of branches and the number of nodes per plant were the lowest, namely 13.7% and 13.5%, respectively. In relation to the grain yield, the mean heritability estimate for seed yield per plant was low (19.7%). However, considerable genetic variability (50.4%) and genetic advances (35.8%) was present on the seed yield per plant.

Penampilan Fenotipik dan Stabilitas Sorgum Manis untuk Bahan Baku Bioetanol Pabendon, Marcia B.; Mas'ud, S.; Sarungallo, Rosalia S.; Nur, Amin
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic performance of promising lines sweet stalk sorghum to produce high yield of ethanol different agroecological zones. Eleven genotipes and three check varieties of sweet sorghum were tested in eight different locations in four provinces in Indonesia, namely Sidrap and Bulukumba (South Sulawesi), Polman and Majene (West Sulawesi), Telaga and Biyonga (Gorontalo), and Kendalpayak and Tajiran (East Java) from July until December 2009. The combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of genotypes, locations, interaction of genotipes and locations, were significant for all traits. Based on the phenotypic performance five genotipes with high yield of ethanol were identified. Yield ethanol was high up to 4536 l/ha much higher than those of three check varities. Genotypes Watar Hammu Putih, 4-183A, 15011A, 15011B, and 15021A yielded ethanol from the fermentation process amounted to 6616 l, 4999 l, 5927 l, 5732 l, and 6653 l/ha. The high were ethanol production from each genotype was supported by characters that were relatively different, but the most dominant was the weight of biomass stem per ha, with the coefficient of correlation of 0.92. Stability analysis identified four characters, namely brix sugar content, production of ethanol per hectare, weight of stem biomass, and grain yield per ha. The five promising genotipes with high ethanol yields, were adaptive to spesific loacations. Genotypes 5-193C had wide range of adaptation across the 8 locations, but ethanol production was lower than that check cultivar. Genotype with the highest grain yield was 1090A.

Penentuan Takaran Pupuk Nitrogen pada Tanaman Jagung Hibrida Berdasarkan Klorofil Meter dan Bagan Warna Daun Efendi, Roy; Suwardi, Suwardi; Syafruddin, Syafruddin; Zubachtirodin, Zubachtirodin
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Synchronization the amount of N nutrient needed for maize growth and the availability of indigenous N in the soil + N fertlizer, is important to obtain a high maize yield. An alternative technique to identify the N nutrient adequacy on maize is by using the chlorophyll meter or the leaf color chart (LCC). The research objective was to determine the rate and time of N fertilizer application for hybrids maize based on the content of N in the leaf as measured by chlorophyll meter and LCC. The experiments were conducted using a split plot design with three replications. The main plots were the rate of N fertilizer, namely 0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N/ha. The subplots were the corn varieties Pioneer 21 and Bisi 2. Results showed that the N fertilizer requirements for maize crops as measured using the chlorophyll meter and the LCC were positively correlated with the actual levels of N requirement. Both measurement techniques can be used to identify the N nutrient requirement for maize during the plant growth stages V12 and VT. Determination of the critical N status by grouping stages of plants with sufficient and insufficient N nutrient indicated that chlorophyll meter value was more accurate than the use of LCC. The deviation of measurements of N fertilizer requirements at plant growth stages V12 and VT using the chlorophyll meter was smaller (11.1% and 2.7%) than those using the LCC (16.1% and 8.3%). The critical N status as measured using the chlorophyll meter and the LCC at V12 was 52 units, and the BWD 4.7, whereas the critical N status at VT was 50 units using the chlorophyll meter and scale 4.4 using the LCC. The estimated N fertilizer required at V12 with maize yield target of 9-10 t/ha was the value of the chlorophyll meter <41unit or the LCC <4 with the rates of N fertilizers of 125-131 kg/ha. If the chlorophyll meter value was 42-46 units or LCC 4.0 to 4.2, the rates of N fertilizer to be applied ranged from 87-119 kg N/ha. With the value of the chlorophyll meter 47-50 units or values of LCC 4.3 to 4.5, the rate of N fertilizer required ranged from 46-78 kg N/ha.

Estimation of Genetic Parameter in New Plant Type Aromatic Rice Lines Lestari, Angelita Puji; Abdullah, Buang; Junaedi, Ahmad; Aswidinnoor, Hajrial
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Information on genetic variability and heritability of plant characters is important to support the rice selection program. A study was conducted to determine the genetic variability of characters and grain yields of 35 New Plant Type Rice Lines (NPTR) under two different environments, with varieties Ciherang and Sintanur as checks. The trials were conducted at two locations (Bogor and Pusakanagara, West Java) during dry season (DS) 2009 and wet season (WS) of 2009/2010. Each trial was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Twenty one day-old rice seedlings of each entry were planted in 2 m x 5 m plots at a 20 cm x 20 cm plant spacing, one seedling per hill. Results of the combined analysis showed that strains, environments, and its interaction was significantly affecting the whole characters of NPTR. High variabilities were observed on genetic, heritability, and genetic advance characters among the new rice type lines, particularly on the number of productive tillers, total number of grains per panicle, and total grain yield. These three characters were positively correlated with rice grain yield, and could be used as indicators for superior lines.

Karakter Kuantitatif Kacang Hijau pada Lingkungan Naungan Sundari, Titik
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Tolerance to shade among mungbean genotypes were assessed based on their environmental stress tolerance indices (ITC). Through an approach of direct and indirect relationships between quantitative characters, quantitative characters that play roles in mungbean tolerance to shade was identified. The trial was conducted at Kendalpayak Experimental Farm, Malang. Treatments were without shading and with a 52% shading using 12 mungbean genotypes representing 9 genotypes tolerant to shading and susceptible genotypes. Under each shaded environment, the treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Observations were carried out on plant morphology (leaf number, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf hairs number, plant height, stem diameter, age of flowering and harvesting, number of pods, pod dry weight, seed weight and seed size) and leaf anatomy (thickness of leaves, epiderm cells, palisade tissue length, and number of leaf stomates). Mungbean genotypes that were tolerant to shading had different plant morphology and leaf anatomy from those of susceptible genotypes. The tolerant mungbean genotypes had larger leaves, less number of leaf hairs, thicker leaves, thinner leaf epidermal cells, longer palisade tissue, more number of stomates, higher contents of chlorophyll a and b, larger diameter of stem, higher pod dry weight, larger seed size, and higher grain yields than those of the susceptible genotypes. Three characters of mungbean plants that need to be taken into account in determining tolerance to shade were the leaf area, number of leaf hairs, and seed weight per plant. Selection of the immatured beans can be done using indirect selection based on the three characters, namely stem diameters at 2 and 4 weeks after planting (WAP), plant height at 4 WAP, and weight of 100 seeds.

Daya Saing dan Faktor Determinan Usahatani Kedelai di Lahan Sawah Krisdiana, Ruly
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The objective of the study was to identify competitive advantages and determinant factors for soybean farming in wetland. Research was conducted during the 2010 cropping season in Banyuwangi and Pasuruan Regencies (East Java) and in Demak and Wonogiri Regencies (Central Java) using the survey method. One hundred and twenty eight respondents representing food crop farmers were sampled randomly, including soybean, maize, groundnut, and mungbeans farmers. Results of the study showed that in general the competitive advantage of soybean was lower than that of maize, groundnut, and mungbean. However, in East Java, soybean had higher competitive advantage than groundnut. When the soybean productivity reached 2.183 t/ha with soybean price Rp 5,558/kg in East Java, and soybean productivity 1.672 t/ha with price Rp 5,191/kg in Central Java, soybean crop gave a higher competitive advantage over the other food crops. Similarly, when the soybean price increased to Rp 7,441/kg with soybean productivity of 1,631 t/ha in East Java, or to Rp 7,029/kg with productivity of 1,235 t/ha in Central Java, soybean had a better competitive advantage over the other crops. Soybean farming in East Java was more profitable than that in Central Java. Soybean production cost per unit in East Java was Rp 775/kg with a benefit Rp 3,644/kg and an R/C ratio of 3.19, while the production cost in Central Java was Rp 1,090/kg with a benefit Rp 1,911/kg and an R/C ratio 1.59. The determinant factors for farmers to select soybean for cropping over other crops were: (1) low cost of soybean production; (2) easy marketing and high selling price of soybean, and (3) relatively easy crop cultivation. Other factors to be considered by farmers were: (1) availability of seeds, and (2) the availability of seed support from the government. In the major soybean production areas of East Java and Central Java, farmers grow soybean due to its suitability with the agroecology and the local cropping pattern.

Kualitas dan Hasil Kacang Tanah pada Lingkungan dengan Perbedaan Ketersediaan Air dan Aplikasi Dolomit Rahmianna, A. A.; Taufiq, A.; Yusnawan, E.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The soil moisture availability during the later part of generative growth stage affects pod yield, seed quality, and aflatoxin contamination of groundnut. Pod filling and seed development process are affected by calcium availability in the pod zone. An experiment was conducted with an objective to obtain a conducive condition for groundnut plant growth to obtain high pod yield with sound mature kernels, low Aspergillus flavus infection and low aflatoxin contamination. The experiment was conducted at Joho village, Banjarnegara regency, from June to September 2005. A split plot design was used and nested in two soil moisture conditions, i.e., optimum, where soil moisture was available during the entire groundnut growing period, and suboptimum, where soil moisture was available only during the first 65 days after sowing (DAS. The two main plots were application of 500 kg Dolomite/ha (140 kg/ha CaO) and without Dolomite. The sub-plots were toxigenic A. flavus inoculation at 55 DAS and without A. flavus inoculation. Results of the trial indicated that the groundnut crops grown under an optimum soil moisture condition produced the same pod yield as that grown under the suboptimum moisture condition. Productivity of the groundnut grown under the optimum water availability was 113.7 g dry pods/plant; this was 21.5 g (23.3%) higher than that of the plant grown under the suboptimum soil moisture condition. This result was due more to higher seed yield rather than to bigger seed size and seed/pod weight ratio. Groundnut pod yield per ha however, were not significantly different among treatments. To generate mature and healthy groundnut pods and seeds, optimum soil moisture, especially from pod filling/maturity to harvesting, together with lime application (500 kg Dolomite/ha) need to be applied. Sound mature kernels and free A. flavus infection and low aflatoxin contamination were achieved by application of 500 kg Dolomite/ha, as calcium contained in Dolomite reduced A. flavus infection in the groundnut seeds during maturation, and reduced the number of shriveled seeds.

Pengaruh Kombinasi Aplikasi Insektisida dan Varietas Unggul terhadap Intensitas Serangan Kutu Kebul dan Hasil Kedelai Inayati, Alfi; Marwoto, Marwoto
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The whitefly, B. tabaci Gennadius, is an important soybean pest causing yield losses up to 100%. No effective method was available to control this pest. Integrated control methods using combinations of insecticide and tolerant soybean varieties are expected to give good results on controlling the whitefly. An experiment was carried out, arranged in a split plot design with two factors and three replications during the dry season (DS) I and DS II of 2010 at Muneng Experimental Farm, Probolinggo, East Java. The main plots were the insecticide applications and the sub plots were 6 soybean varieties. Results of the experiment showed that application of 2 ml/l profenofos 500 g/l at 14 and 21 days after planting (DAP) followed with combination of 1 ml/l lamdasihalotrin 106 g/l and tiamektosam 141 g/l at 28, 35 and 42 DAP reduced whitefly population by 50%. The use of insecticides to control pest also reduced soybean yield losses up to 81% in DS I and 29% in DS II. Soybean variety Anjasmoro was very susceptible to the pest and was not recommended to be grown in the whitefly endemic area. The use of tolerant varieties such as Gepak Kuning, Gepak Ijo, Kaba, Wilis, and Argomulyo produced yields of about 1.52 t/ha. The combination of insecticides application and tolerant varieties reduced soybean yield losses up to 58%.

Ketahanan Varietas/Klon Ubikayu Umur Genjah terhadap Tungau Merah Indiati, S. W.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Pest and diseases are major constraints to crop production. The red spider mite is an important pest of cassava, particularly in the dry regions. The use of tolerant cassava varieties is considered an effective control technique. which does not pollute the environment. A study was carried out to identify the tolerance of 15 cassava varieties/clones to red spider mites and characterize the resistance to the pest in the dry land. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse and in farmersÂ’ fields during the dry season of 2009. Each of the trial was arranged in a randomized block design with 15 cassava clones as treatments in three replications. The results showed that clones/varieties OMM 9076, Adira 1, M4-p, Malang 6, and Adira-4 were tolerant to the red spider mites. At a condition of severe pest infestation, none of clones/varieties was tolerant to the pest. Differences in tolerance appeared only on the length of incubation time until appearance of the pest symptoms. Cassava clones/varieties were more tolerant, when the pest symptom appeared later than on the susceptible ones. Clone CMM 03094-12 had the highest leaf numbers per plant, while clone M4-p, variety Adira 1, and clone OMM 9076 had leaf water content more than 70%. There was a tendency of low levels of mites attack on clones/varieties with leaf water contents more than 70%. When the cassava crops were harvested at 7 months old, Clone OMM 9076 produced the highest yield (28 t/ha) on the uncontrolled and 32 t/ha on the controlled plot. Clone OMM 9076 was considered as a high yielding and early maturing genotype.

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