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Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan

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Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

ISSN : 25415166 EISSN : 25415174 DOI : 10.21082

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan merupakan publikasi yang memuat makalah ilmiah primer hasil penelitian tanaman pangan (padi dan palawija). Redaksi menerima makalah dari peneliti Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP), maupun perguruan tinggi. Makalah yang dikirimkan hendaknya sudah mendapat persetujuan dari pimpinan instansi masing-masing. Ketentuan penulisan makalah untuk dapat dimuat di jurnal ini tertera dalam "Author Guidelines/Petunjuk bagi Penulis" di halaman terakhir Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian.

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Articles 9 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012" : 9 Documents clear

Identifikasi Komponen Volatil Tanaman Padi Fase Bunting dan Matang Susu sebagai Pakan Alami yang Disukai Tikus Sawah Mardiah, Zahara; Sudarmaji, Sudarmaji
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Rat is a major rice pest that can detect and smell feed odor better then other mammals. Rice plants at booting and milky stages are the most commonly attacked by rats. These may be due to the preference of the rat to volatile compounds available in the plants at both growth stages. Analysis of the volatile compounds was conducted at the Flavor Analysis Laboratory of the Indonesian Center of Rice Research (ICRR), Sukamandi, by a Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) using the Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) method. There were 54 volatile compounds identified from rice plants atbooting stage and 47 volatile compounds from that of milky stage. Descriptions of the volatile aromas contained in the rice plant at booting stage and milky stage were green, sweet, fatty, buttery, creamy, fruity, pungent sour, and beany.

Ketahanan Genotipe Padi terhadap Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Patotipe III, IV, dan VIII Susanto, Untung; Sudir, Sudir
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Testing of resistance to dominant BLB pathotypes of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) bacterium were carried out on 22 IRBB isogenic lines (IL), 22 local varieties (LV), 6 new varieties (NV), one differential variety, and 49 F1 crosses of IL with NV, IL with local varieties or LV with NV. The study was conducted in the screened field of Indonesian Center for Rice Research in Sukamandi during the Dry Season of 2010 and Wet Season of 2010/ 2011. Each of the experiments was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Three dominant pathotypes of Xoo were tested, i.e. pathotype III, IV, and VIII. The results showed that for Xoo pathotype III, there were three ILs reacted moderately resistant (MR), 18 lines moderately susceptible (MS), one line susceptible (S), 15 local varieties resistant (R) and 7 MR; 4 new varieties were R and one new variety was MR, while 48 F1 were R and one F1 line was R. Reactions of the rice genotypes to Xoo pathotype IV indicated two isogenic lines were MR, 20 isogenic lines were S, four local varieties were MS and 18 varieties were S, 6 F1 lines were MR, one F1 line was MS, 38 F1 were line S and 4 F1 line highly susceptible (HS), one new variety was MS, four new varieties were S, and one new variety was HS. Resistance to pathotype IV was a complex trait that needs specific genetic combination. Reactions of rice genotypes to Xoo pathotype VIII showed 14 isogenic lines were MS and 8 were S; 5 local varieties were MR, 10 were S, and 7 were S; 16 F1 lines were R, 25 F1 lines were MR, and 8 F1 lines were MS. IRBB10 (Xa10) and IRBB64 (Xa4 + xa5 + Xa7 + Xa21) were each more resistant to Xoo pathotypes III, IV, and VIII than the other isogenic lines. The defferential variety Java 14 (Xa1, xa3, Xa12) showed MR reaction to Xoo pathotypes III, IV and VIII, and was potential to be used as a donor parent in breeding for broad spectrum resistance to BLB.

Analisis Stabilitas Hasil Gabah Galur-galur Padi melalui Pendekatan Parametrik dan Nonparametrik Sitaresmi, Trias; Nafisah, Nafisah; Gunarsih, Cucu; Daradjat, A. A.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The failure of a genotype to perform relatively the same in different environments is defined as the interaction Genotype x Environment (G x E interaction). The existence of G x E is often causing breeders facing difficulty to select superior genotypes to be tested further. Efforts to quantify the interaction between the average yields of genotype with environment can be done by parametric and nonparametric approaches. Experiments were conducted at 16 sites in dry season of 2008 and 2009. A total of 14 rice genotypes were tested using randomized complete block design. Combined analyses of variances of 16 sites showed highly significant effects of locations, genotypes, and genotypes x locations. Parametric stability analysis using the coefficient of variability (CVi) showed 6 lines (BP1808-1F-25, BP1352-1G-KN, IR76510-24-3, BP1178-2F-26, OM 5240, OM 1490) were stable. Based on parametric analysis of variance stability (Sv), however only 3 lines namely BP1808-1F-25, S4616-PN-7-3, and IR76510-24-3 were stable. Cultivar superiority method of parametric stability showed that BP1808-1F-25, OM 5240 and OM 1490 were stable, while OM4495 was stable based on Nassar and Huehn nonparametric methods. Results of Spearmanâ€™s correlation analysis showed that between CVi and Sv, and CVi and Pi were significantly correlated with r = 0.556, and r = 0.560, respectively. It indicated that those three stability parameters had equal strength for determining the stability of the lines or cultivars tested. Based on the three stability approaches BP1808-1F-25 was considered as stable line, while check cultivar Dodokan was unstable. Parametric stability was found more accurate than nonparametric ones, when assumption of the data distribution was fulfilled.

Toleransi Beberapa Genotipe Padi Umur Pendek terhadap Pasokan Air Terbatas Yamin, Mohamad; Suprihatno, B.; Rustiati, Tita; Sitaresmi, Trias
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Field and screen house experiments were conducted in 2009 in Indramayu and Sukamandi. The field experiments was carried out at farmerâs field in the Cilandak village, Anjatan District, Indramayu Regency from May to October 2009. Nine rice genotypes (AS996, OM5240, BP5478-2F-KN-11-2-B, Inpari 10, Inpari 1, Silugonggo, dan Dodokan) were tested. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were: (a) fully irrigated (100% irrigated); (b) half-dry (75% irrigated), irrigation water was given until one month after planting, followed with weekly irrigation until crop harvest, and (c) dry (50% irrigated), irrigation water was given until one month after planting, then no more irrigation was given until harvest. The plant characters observed were: percentage of empty grain per panicle, grain weight per unit area, drought sensitivity index (S), and genotype superiority index (Pi). The screenhouse experiment was conducted in pots at the Rice Research Institute, Sukamandi, from July to October 2009, arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The rice genotypes tested were the same as those in the field trial, The treatments wer three categories of water supply, namely minimum (4,000 m3/ha/season), optimal (5,500 m3/ha/season) and excessive (7,000 m3/ha/season). The plant characters observed were: grain weight (g/pot), percentage of filled grains/panicle, plant height, and age of flowering. The results showed that water stress during flowering stage increased percentage of empty grains from 25.6% to 34.3% and decreased grain yields from 11.3% to 23.2%. Genotypes AS996, OM5240, and BP5478-2F-KN-11-2-B were tolerant to drought, and gave higher yields than Inpari 10, Inpari 1, Silugonggo, and Dodokan. Under drought stress conditions, when the drought conditions were not extreme with soil moistures of 41.3% to 51.7%, yields of the three genotypes were not significantly tolerances from those under the normal condition (6.66 to 7.27 t/ha). Besides drought tolerant, genotypes AS996 and OM5240 were also efficient in using water during the crop growth.

Respons Biologi Wereng Batang Coklat terhadap Biokimia Tanaman Padi Rahmini, Rahmini; Hidayat, Purnama; Ratna, Endang Sri; Winasa, I Wayan; Manuwoto, Syafrida
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

In developing rice varieties resistant to brown planthopper (BPH), information on responses of the BPH to the rice plants were needed. The aim of the research was to study the biological responses of BPH on biochemical factors of some rice varieties. The study was conducted on June 2010 to April 2012 in Muara Research Station, of the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) and at Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology, Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agriculture University. The biological responses of the BPH to rice varieties were studied in terms of adult settling preference, feeding activity using the honeydew test, and life table analysis. The biochemical factors of the rice varieties, namely sucrose and oxalic acid contents were analyzed. Rice varieties TN1 (no resistance gene), IR26 (Bph1), IR42 (bph2), IR64 (Bph1+), IR74 (Bph3), PTB33 (bph2+Bph3), and Inpari13 (unknown resistance gene) were used in this study. The BPH showed similar non-preference reactions to the resistant varieties and Inpari13 for settling. Feeding activity of the adult female BPH was the highest on the susceptible variety TN1 and the lowest on the resistant variety PTB33. The highest mortality of BPH occurred at larval stages, especially in the first and second instars. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (Ro) of the BPH were higher on the susceptible variety TN1, but the doubling time (DT) was shorter than those on the resistant varieties. The resistant variety PTB33 contained high oxalic acid and low sucrose. On the contrary, the susceptible variety TN1 contained low oxalic acid and high sucrose. These biochemical factors contributed in rice plant resistance to BPH.

Stabilitas Hasil dan Daya Adaptasi Lima Padi Hibrida di Jawa Tengah Widyastuti, Yuni; Satoto, Satoto
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Five rice hybrids (H40, H41, H45, H57, and H63) and three check varieties (Maro, Hipa3, and IR64) were tested for their yield stability and adaptability at 7 locations in Central Java during the dry season of 2005. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Objectives of the research were to evaluate stability and adaptability of the rice hybrids at 7 locations in Central Java. Yield stability and adaptability were determined based on the stability model of Eberhart and Russel and the adaptability criteria of Finlay and Wilkinson. Results indicated that yield potential of the five rice hybrids varied greatly, ranging from 4.92 t/ha (H41) to 6.35 t/ha (H35). Four rice hybrids yielded 2.33-8.61% higher than did IR64. The yield performances of hybrids H40, H45, H57, and H63 were stable across locations. Hybrids H40, H57, and H63 adapted well in all environments. Hybrid H45 adapted only to an optimal growth environment, while H40 adapted to sub optimal areas.

Tingkat Adaptasi Beberapa Varietas Kedelai terhadap Naungan Sundari, Titik; A.S., Gatut Wahyu
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The aim of this research was to identify adaptability of 7 soybean varieties under five levels of shading. The soybean varieties tested were Tanggamus, Pangrango, Sinabung, Willis, Ijen, Lokon, and Malabar, while the five shading treatments were: no shading (N0), 15%-15% (N1), 30%-15% (N2), 45%-15% (N3), and 60%-15% (N4). The trial in each shading environment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The data collected were growth variables (leaf numbers, plant heights, and stem diameters), number of filled pods, and seed yields. Data of the seed yields were analyzed using the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis method. Results showed that adaptability of soybean varieties to different levels of shading varied. Based on the interaction Ammi-1 biplot graph, variety Ijen was not suitable to be grown under shading environment. Varieties Sinabung and Wilis were more suitable for low level of shading environment (15%); Malabar was more suitable for moderate level of shading (45%), and Lokon was more suitable for planting under shading (60%) condition. Variety Pangrango was considered as adaptive to all levels of shading environments.

Respons Varietas Padi terhadap Perendaman, Pemupukan, dan Jarak Tanam Ikhwani, Ikhwani; Makarim, A. Karim
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Combinations of fertilizer application and plant spacing on submergence tolerant rice varieties are expected to reduce yield losses and increase grain yields in the submerged flood-prone wetland. The research was aimed to determine the effect of submergence on growths and yields of rice, to find suitable technique of fertilizer application, and the best plant spacing in a flash flooding wetland. The research was conducted at farmerâ€™s field in Langgengsari village, Belanakan District, Subang Regency, West Java, during the wet season of 2010. The treatments were arranged in a split-split plot design with three replications Fertilizer application methods (Briquette Urea 90 kg N/ha versus Phonska + urea 90 kg N/ha) was the mainplots; planting methods [equal spacing (20 cm x 20 cm) and legowo 6:1 (20 cm-40 cm) x 10 cm)] as sub-plots, and submergence tolerant rice varieties (IR64 Sub-1, Swarna Sub-1 dan Inpara 3) as sub-sub plots. The results showed that upon plant submergence for 14 days at the vegetative phase (14 to 28 DAT), the tolerant varieties still survived until harvest. During the 14-day submergence, plant height increased between 1.74 cm (Inpara 4) and 2.70 cm (Inpara 3), tiller number per hill increased between 0 (Inpara 3) and 3 (Inpara 5). Application of prilled urea + Phonska three times during the plant growth resulted in higher yield (4.99 t dry grain/ha) significantly more than that applied with briquette urea twice (4.12 t dry grain/ha), indicating the importance of the third N application at primordial stage. The submergence tolerant rice varieties (Inpara 4 and Inpara 5) produced significantly higher yields (4.83 t and 4.80 t dry grain/ha, respectively) than Inpara 3 (4.04 t dry grain/ha) or Ciherang (3.90 t dry grain/ha) that were grown by farmers in the surrounding areas. The best plant spacing for rice in the flood prone lowland area varied with the rice varieties. Paired rows (jajar legowo) 6:1 planting method was more suitable for Inpara 5 (5.22 t dry grain/ha) than the squared spacing (tegel) 20 cm x 20 cm (4.38 t dry grain/ha). Meanwhile, the tegel spacing was better for Inpara 4 (5.29 t dry grain/ha) than the jajar legowo 6:1 (4.36 t GKG/ha). The yield of Inpara 3 was not affected by plant spacing treatment.

Perbedaan Karakteristik Fisik Edible Film dari Umbi-umbian yang Dibuat dengan Penambahan Plasticizer Yulianti, Rahmi; Ginting, Erliana
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Starch is suitable for edible film, although the film produced is brittle. A study on preparation of edible film from starches of four tuber crops with the addition of plasticizers was conducted at the Chemical and Food Technology Laboratory, of the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI), Malang, from March to July 2009. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete design with three replications. The first factors were four difference tuber crops (cassava, edible canna, sweet potato, and arrowroot) and the second factors were two kind of plasticizers (glycerol and sorbitol, each at a concentration of 2% v/w starch). Observations were done on chemical and physical properties of the starches as well as physical characteristics of the edible film produced. Results showed that the interactions between starches and plasticizers significantly influenced colour, tensile strength, and elongation of the edible film. However, the effect of plasticizer on thickness of the edible film was not significant. Arrowroot and cassava starches that have the highest whiteness levels produced edible films with the highest brightness values (L*). Edible films from the four tuber crops starches had similar thickness (0.02-0.03 mm). The arrowroot starch added with either sorbitol or glycerol produced edible films with the highest values of tensile strengh and elongation (1.7 N and 2.6%, and 1.5 N and 2.6%, respectively), indicating for good physical performances of edible films. These characters were followed by starch of sweet potato that was treated with sorbitol or glycerol.

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