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Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan

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Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

ISSN : 25415166 EISSN : 25415174 DOI : 10.21082

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan merupakan publikasi yang memuat makalah ilmiah primer hasil penelitian tanaman pangan (padi dan palawija). Redaksi menerima makalah dari peneliti Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP), maupun perguruan tinggi. Makalah yang dikirimkan hendaknya sudah mendapat persetujuan dari pimpinan instansi masing-masing. Ketentuan penulisan makalah untuk dapat dimuat di jurnal ini tertera dalam "Author Guidelines/Petunjuk bagi Penulis" di halaman terakhir Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian.

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Articles 8 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012" : 8 Documents clear

Kesiapan Petani Menggunakan Pupuk Organik pada Padi Sawah Sumarno, Sumarno; Kartasasmita, Unang G.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Organic fertilizers are presently being recommended for use on wetland rice, as a supplement to inorganic fertilizers. A survey on the availability of materials and preparedness of farmers to utilize organic fertilizers was carried out in 2010 in 10 regencies within three provinces in Java, namely four regencies in West Java, three in Central Java, and four in East Java. The survey was carried out using a structured questioner involving 63 farmer-groups as respondents. Correlation analyses were done among 15 variables, and t-test was applied for paireddata obtained from the dry and wet seasons. Majority of the farmers were empirically familiar on the advantage of using organic fertilizer. However, their knowledges on its benefit were limited to the immediate results, such as on increase of grain yield, better grain quality, and more vigorous crop growth. The number of farmers familiar with the composting technique was in lower proportion than those of the unfamiliar ones. Not all farmers familiar with the composting technique however, were actually practicing their knowledge, only about 25% in West Java, 15% in Central Java, and 35% in East Java. The amount of organic fertilizer applied by farmers was generally far less than that of the recommended, only 0.41 t/ha in West Java, 0.39 t/ha in Central Java, and 1.2 t/ha in East Java. Rice straw from the wet season harvest was either burned (30% in West Java, 38% in Central Java, and 15% in East Java), used for feed (10% in West Java, 22% in Central Java, and 46% in East Java), or returned to the soil (60% in West Java, 40% in Central Java, and 39% in East Java). Those figures were somewhat similar with those on the dry season. The use of organic fertilizer was hampered partly by the lack of knowledge on long-term benefit, and due to the unavailability of manure. The number of livestock owned by farmer, the farmerâ€™s practice of making compost, and the availability of manure in each household, each was significantly correlated to the amount of organic matter applied by farmers. Presently, farmers seem to be not yet ready to use organic fertilizer as a supplement for inorganic fertilizer. Integration of rice crop-livestock farming is suggested to be campaigned and facilitated by the Government, in order that the farmers are able to apply the organic fertilizer. This requires that farmers to be assisted for possessing livestock, through a credit-scheme program.

Komponen Hasil dan Karakter Morfologi Penentu Hasil Kedelai Hakim, Lukman
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Ten soybean genotypes representing improved varieties and promising lines were grown on wetland after rice at Muara Experimental Farm, Bogor, West Java, during the 2010 dry season. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Each of the genotypes was grown in a 2 m x 4.5 m plot at a 40 cm x 15 cm plant spacing, two plants per hill. Results of the data analyses showed that among the yield components, plant height, number of pods per plant, and harvest index were positively correlated with grain yield. The direct effects of plant height, number of pods per plant, and harvest index on grain yield as indicated by the path coefficient were the highest, while the effect of other yield components were either small or negative. The yield variation (IR2) not attributable to the ten yield component variables was high (53.66%). Based on the analyses, soybean genotypes with high grain yield should have sufficient plant height, high number of pods per plant, and high harvest index. Therefore, plant height, number of pods per plant, and harvest index could be used as criteria for selection of high yielding genotypes in the soybean breeding program.

Karakterisasi Kandungan Asam Lemak Beberapa Genotipe Kacang Tanah Trustinah, Trustinah; Kasno, A.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Groundnut is an economically important oil crop. Main fatty acid components of the groundnut oil are oleic and linoleic acid, which are useful to human health. Forty five groundnut genotypes were grown at the Jambegede Experimental Farm, Malang, East Java during the dry season of 2009. Samples of the harvested grains were analyzed for their fatty acid contents at the Food and Technology Laboratory, Gajah Mada University, Yogyakarta in 2009 using gas chromatography. Groundnut cultivar Singa produced the highest pod yield (3.59 t/ha), followed by cultivars Talam 1 and Gajah (3.10 t/ha). Fatty acid composition among genotypes varied, ranging from 37.7 to 45.7%. Oleic and linoleic acids were the major fatty acid components, accounting for 70.8-85.4% of the total fatty acid contents. The average of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, behenic, and arachidic acid contents was each 37.7%, 41.2%, 12.5%, 3.6%, and 3.0%, respectively. Genotype MLGA 0261 contained the highest oleic acid (49.3%), while MLGA 0077 contained the highest linoleic acid (48.9%). Significant negative correlation between oleic acid content with linoleic acid (-0.59**), palmitic acid (-0.49**), and behenic acid (-0.45**) was detected. These correlations indicated that high content of oleic acid would be followed by low linoleic, palmitic, and behenic acids. Based on the fatty acid content, the groundnut genotypes were divided into three groups. Group I contained palmitic, linoleic, and behenic acids above the average. Group II contained oleic and arachidic acids below the average, and Group III contained high oleic acid and low other fatty acids. Cultivars Gajah, Tapir, Turangga, Sima, Singa, Zebra, Panter, Tuban, and Talam 1 were belong to Group I, where as cultivars Badak, Landak, Jerapah, and Kancil were in the Group II, and MLGA 0261 in Group III.

Pemanfaatan Nira Batang, Bagas, dan Biji Sorgum Manis sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol Pabendon, Marcia B.; Sarungallo, Rosalia S.; MasÃ¢Â€Â™ud, S.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The study was conducted at ICERI (Indonesian Cereals Research Institute), at the Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Paulus Christen University (UKIP), and at Laboratory of Bioprocess, Department of Chemical Engeneering, Polytechnic Ujung Pandang, from March to November 2010. The aim of this study was to determine the potential ethanol production derived from juice, bagasse (sellulose), and sorghum grain (starch). Eleven sweet sorghum genotypes were tested, local varieties Selayar Hitam, Sorgum Hitam, and variety Numbu were used as checks. The results showed that yield of stem biomass, high brix sugar content, high yield of bagasse, high grain yield, and high content of glucose derived from grain were characters that could be used as criteria for selection of sorghum genotypes producing high ethanol per unit area. These characters were correlated with the ethanol production per unit area. Genotypes 1521A, 15011A, and Watar Hammu Putih were prospective sweet sorghum for the ethanol production. These genotypes were supported by high yield of stem biomass per unit area, high brix sugar content, and high grain yield than check varieties, except for Watar Hammu Putih. Although all of the three raw materials had the potential use for bioethanol production, stem juice and bagasse were more suitable to be used than the grain, since it would not compete with the use of grain for food.

Pengaruh Insektisida Nabati dan Kimia terhadap Hama Thrips dan Hasil Kacang Hijau Indiati, S. W.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus, is an important pest of mungbean at its vegetative phase. Severe attacks of the pest can cause yield losses of mungbean from 13 to 64 %. An experiment was conducted at Muneng Research Station, Probolinggo, East Java, in dry season of to 2010, to identify effectiveness of biological and chemical insecticides to control thrips. The trial was arranged in a randomized block design with 10 treatments and three replications. The treatments were: spraying with water suspensions of fipronil 2 ml/l, imidaklorprit 200 SL 2 ml/l, imidaklorprit 100 EC 2 ml/l, emamektin benzoate 2 g/10l, neem seed powder (SBM) 100 g/l, garlic bulb extract 85 g/100 ml, ginger rhizome extract 50 g/l, papaya leaves extract 50 g/l, and a mixture of extracts from 25 g green chilies, 25 g ginger, and garlic 50 g/3l. The results showed that the use of SBM, garlic, ginger, papaya, and extracts a mixture of LBJ had an equal effectiveness in suppressing population and intensity of thrip attacked on mungbean. The biologcal insecticides were less effective than the synthetic ones in controlling population and intensity of thrips attacked, but they were safe for the environment. The pesticide treatments reduced yield losses of mung bean up to 63%, depending on the pesticide used.

Kelayakan Usahatani Ubi Jalar dengan Penerapan Teknologi Pengguludan di Lahan Kering Masam di Lampung Prasetiaswati, Nila; Radjit, Budhi Santoso
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

An experiment was carried out at Natar Experiment Station, South Lampung, from March to June 2010. The objective of the research was to identify technical and economic feasibilities of sweet potato farming system on a dry acid soil using improved ridging technology. The technologies tested were: (1) use of large ridges (60 cm high) with a 125 cm x 20 cm plant spacing without breaking down the ridges, and (2) use of small ridges (30 cm high) with a 100 cm x 25 cm plant spacing and followed by breaking down the ridges, and the common farm practice as control. Sweet potato varieties Sawentar and local Kuning Banyuwangi were used in this experiment. The fertilizers applied in the improved technologies were at rate of 300 kg urea + 200 kg SP36 + 100 kg KCl + 500 kg dolomite + 4 t manure per ha. Results of the experiment showed that yields of sweet potato varieties grown on large ridges were higher than those grown on the small ridge. Variety Sawentar that was grown on large ridges yielded 18.68 t/ha and on small ridges 14.43 t/ha fresh tubers, with benefits of Rp 16,090,000 (B/C ratio 2.22) dan Rp10,987,500 (B/C ratio 1.56) respectively. The local variety Kuning Banyuwangi produced lower yield than that of Sawentar on both of the improved technology with B/C ratios less than 1.0. Variety Sawentar that was grown on the small ridge gave MBCR up to 3.09, hence this technology could be recommended to be applied in the dry land acid soil.

Kelayakan Usahatani Padi Varietas Unggul Baru Melalui PTT di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah Hidayat, Yayat; Saleh, Yopi; Waraiya, Musa
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Increasing rice production in isolated areas of the Central Halmahera District, North Maluku Province, is expected to strengthen food security as well as increasing farmersâ€™ income. The objective of the study was to identify technology for increasing rice productivity in the lowland rice farming. An experiment was conducted at Sumbersari Village, Central Halmahera District, North Maluku Province, from July to October 2010. Four treatments consisted of four high yielding rice varieties (Inpari2, Inpari3, Inpari7, and Silugonggo) were cultivated applying the integrated crop management (ICM) and one variety (Cigeulis) was grown applying the local farmerâ€™s practice as control. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that yield of cultivar Inpari 2 (7.15 t harvest dry grains (HDG)/ha), Inpari 3 (6.29 t HDG/ha), Inpari 7 (6.35 t HDG/ha), and Silugonggo (5.23 ton HDG/ha) were higher than that of Cigeulis variety (4.69 t HDG/ha). The R/C ratios of the ICM was higher than that of the conventional crop management, namely for Inpari 2 1.95, Inpari 3 1.72, Inpari 7 1.75, and Silugonggo 1.43, whereas the non-ICM (Cigeulis) was 1.49. The seed advantage value for the respective varieties was 2.14, 1.62, 1.65, and 1.02, respectively, each was higher than 1. This study indicated that introduction of new varieties into the ICM system increased rice productivity by 0.54-2.46 t/ha and increased farmersâ€™ incomes by Rp 1 to 3 million/ha. This meant that the adoption of new rice variety applying the ICM system in Central Halmahera, North Maluku, could be recommended for increasing rice production and farmersâ€™ income.

Keragaman Karakter Varietas Lokal Padi Pasang Surut Kalimantan Selatan Wahdah, Raihani; Langai, Bambang F.; Sitaresmi, Trias
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Artificial mutation could be used in the formation of base population for selection. Local varieties which have a wide distance of relationship are expected to have a greater opportunity for obtaining more diverse offspring. The purpose of this study was to select five distinct local tidal swamp rice varieties of South Kalimantan that could be used for parental mutation. The study was conducted from March to December 2009. The distance of varietal relationship was estimated by cluster analysis using the SPSS Programme Version 11.5. Selection of the five best varieties was carried out by the Exponential Rank Method (ERM) applying 7 criteria, namely plant height, number of panicles, panicle length, grain weight/panicle, number of grains/panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and grain yield. Results of the cluster analysis based on a 82.5% similarity level showed that diversities of the 40 accessions of local tidal swamp rice in South Kalimantan were spread in four clusters, namely Cluster I (13 varieties), Cluster II (1 varieties), Cluster III (6 varieties) , and Cluster IV (20 varieties). Five varieties that were selected based on the cluster analysis and the ERM were Siam Harli, Siam Unus (Bumi Makmur), Siam Kuatek, Datu, dan Siam Unus (Barambai).

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