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Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
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Articles 13 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February" : 13 Documents clear
Effects of GFRP Stirrup Spacing on the Behavior of Doubly GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams Musa AbdulMuttalib Issa; Abbas A. Allawi; Nazar Oukaili
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-011

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of varying glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) stirrup spacing on the performance of doubly GFRP-reinforced concrete beams. The research focuses on assessing the behavior of GFRP-reinforced concrete beams, including load-carrying capacity, cracking, and deformability. It explores the feasibility and effectiveness of GFRP bars as an alternative to traditional steel reinforcement in concrete structures. Six concrete beams with a cross-section of 300 mm (wide) × 250 mm (deep), simply supported on a 2100 mm span, were tested. The beams underwent four-point bending with two concentrated loads applied symmetrically at one-third of the span length, resulting in a shear span (a)-to-depth (h) ratio of 2.8. The experimental findings reveal that altering the GFRP stirrup spacing along the longitudinal axis of the beams, from 200 mm (equivalent to the effective depth (d)) to 50 mm (equal to (d⁄4)), altered the mode of failure from flexure-shear to flexure-compression. However, when the spacing was equal to or less than (d⁄3), there was no significant improvement in load-carrying capacity, as the contribution of GFRP bars in resisting shear loads was limited. Under service loads, the GFRP-reinforced beams exhibited wider cracks, but reducing the stirrup spacing helped restrain crack widening. Incorporating GFRP bars in the compression zone had a positive effect on reducing crack width in the tension zone. Additionally, using GFRP stirrups with spacing varying between (d) and (d⁄2) in the pure bending region increased the deflection ductility indexes. To enhance the ductility of GFRP-reinforced concrete beams, it is recommended to use GFRP stirrups in the pure bending region with spacing greater than the spacing between GFRP stirrups in the shear spans. The study highlights that the current ACI code overestimates the shear capacity provided by GFRP stirrups, particularly when the spacing is less than or equal to (d⁄3). Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-011 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Different Ceramic Waste Powder on Characteristics of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Bernardinus Herbudiman; Subari Subari; Bactiar Nugraha; Indah Pratiwi; Asnan Rinovian; Euneke Widyaningsih; Evi Dwi Yanti; Bagus D. Erlangga; Jakah Jakah; Seto Roseno
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-06

Abstract

The escalating demand for construction materials driven by rapid population growth has heightened the reliance on cement binders, resulting in increased CO2 emissions from the cement industry. Geopolymers, considered environmentally friendly alternatives, have been explored in various studies to address this challenge. This research specifically investigates the impact of different types of ceramic waste bricks (BT), floor tiles (FT), roof tiles (RT), and sanitary ceramics (ST) on the physical and mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer mortar. To provide a comprehensive understanding, this research examines the compressive strength, mineral phase, chemical bonds, and microscopic evolution of fly ash geopolymer mortar incorporating varying proportions of each ceramic waste type (25% and 50% fly ash replacement). A consistent mixture of Na2SiO3and NaOH was used for the alkaline solution in all formulations. The curing process was carried out at room temperature for 7, 14, and 28 days prior to the compressive strength test. The result revealed that the inclusion of 25% BT experienced higher strength compared to the control sample after 14 days, but the strength became comparable after 28 days at 40.24 MPa. A reduction in strength was evident with the addition of other ceramic components. Moreover, higher incorporation of CWP correlated with a faster setting time for fresh geopolymers. This was also linked to the degree of gel formation, as indicated in the microstructure images. The emergence of plagioclase minerals was evident in all formulations of the geopolymer products under XRD analysis, while the bond of the geopolymer signature, Si-O-T (T = Si or Al), was identified from the infrared spectra. The microstructure of the binder showed a geopolymer matrix alongside unreacted fly ash particles. Overall, CWP replacement up to 25% can be potential in fly ash geopolymer without sacrificing significant strength loss and remaining in the range of normal strength mortar. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-06 Full Text: PDF
Development of a Cross-Asset Model for the Maintenance of Road and Water Pipe Assets using AHP Method J. A. N. N. Jayakody; M. C. M. Nasvi; D. J. Robert; S. K. Navaratnarajah; L. C. Kurukulasuriya; F. Giustozzi; C. Gunasekara; S. Setunge
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-01

Abstract

Roads and water pipe assets undergo various deterioration processes due to the high demand for their services. Maintenance of these assets is often planned as individual assets, and the interdependency among different assets is neglected. An integrated framework for cross-asset maintenance is required for optimum utilization of the available funds for asset maintenance. To date, there are very few studies focusing on the use of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for cross-asset maintenance of roads and water pipe assets. Therefore, this research aims to develop an integrated fund allocation model for the maintenance of road and water pipe assets. A model was developed using AHP analysis based on expert opinions captured through a questionnaire in order to obtain optimum maintenance fund allocation for the cross-assets, roads, and water pipes. Then, a case study corridor segment with the considered cross-assets was selected, and a trade-off analysis was conducted for the intervention alternatives considering different levels of service (LOS) of the asset elements. The results of the trade-off analysis can be used to identify the optimum intervention alternative that satisfies the budget requirement and results in the maximum benefit. Overall, asset managers can use the approach presented in the present study to develop a cross-asset fund allocation model when multiple assets are involved in maintenance. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-01 Full Text: PDF
Behavior of Axially Loaded Concrete Columns Reinforced with Steel Tubes Infilled with Cementitious Grouting Material Ahlam A. Abbood; Nazar Oukaili
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-017

Abstract

The paper presents a novel method of reinforcing concrete columns using small-diameter steel tubes instead of traditional steel bars. The researchers conducted experimental investigations on twelve mid-scale circular concrete column specimens, which were divided into two groups consisting of six specimens each: short and long columns. Two of the specimens in each group were reinforced with steel bars, while the remaining four were reinforced with steel tubes filled with cementitious grouting material. The study proposed two concepts for cementitious grouted steel-tube reinforcement. The first concept utilized steel tubes with equivalent net areas to the steel bar areas used in the reference column, while the second concept used steel-tube reinforcement with the same diameter as the steel bars in the reference column. Nonlinear Finite Element (FE) analyses were conducted on experimental specimens using ABAQUS software. The results showed that using steel tubes with an area equivalent to that of steel bars instead of conventional columns increased the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete columns by 17%. Moreover, using steel tubes whose area matched 30% of the steel bar area achieved a bearing capacity of about 81% of the conventional concrete columns. The experimental and FE analysis findings indicate that this methodology can increase the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete columns when compared to traditional methods. The axial load-axial displacement curves, axial load-axial strain curves, and failure load of the FE model all demonstrated good convergence with the experimental data. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-017 Full Text: PDF
Assessing Air Quality Using Multivariate Statistical Approaches Nguyen Quoc Pham; Giao Thanh Nguyen
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-012

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate air quality in Dong Thap province, Vietnam. The air quality data was collected during 2019–2020, representing the time of pre- and mid-COVID-19. Twenty-seven air quality samples (in the areas of urban, residential-administrative, hospital-schools, and industry-craft village areas) were used for the evaluation. Air quality was evaluated using national technical regulations on air quality, including QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT and QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT. The difference of mean air quality between the areas was examined using a one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test at a significant level of 5%. The relationship between air quality parameters and microclimate factors was tested using Pearson correlation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to identify critical variables and potential sources of air variation. Cluster analysis (CA) was applied to group similar air quality sites, thus recommending air monitoring site selection. The results show that the air quality in the study area is not polluted. The concentrations of noise, TSP, SO2, and NO2in the mid-COVID-19 pandemic were significantly lower than those in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic due to the social distancing policy. There was a close correlation among air quality parameters, except for air humidity. PCA identified two to four potential sources of air variation, explaining 84.3%, 100%, 100% and 89.7% of the total air quality variance at urban, residential–administrative, hospital-schools, and industry-craft villages, respectively. CA divided the 27 sampling sites into eight groups by the differences, mainly in humidity, wind speed noise, TSP, and CO. Eight sampling sites could be potentially reduced from the current monitoring program for representativeness and cost-effectiveness purposes. All air parameters in the current study are significant for monitoring, and the potential sources of air quality variation are traffic activities, industrial production, craft village activities, and daily life using fuels in residential areas. The results of the current study provide useful information for air quality monitoring and management. Future monitoring programs should include toxic air pollutants in air quality monitoring programs. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-012 Full Text: PDF
A Comprehensive Approach to Assess Occupant's Satisfaction and Performances of Residential Building Jagadeesh Kasi; A. K. Kaliluthin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-07

Abstract

This paper aims to endeavor to develop a holistic Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) framework, amalgamating the utilization of building facilities and Building Performance Attributes (BPA) for appraising the performance of Construction and Design Firms (CDFs) alongside building performance indicators such as occupant satisfaction within residential apartment complexes. The study adopts a tripartite research methodology encompassing theoretical exploration, on-site investigations, and analytical examinations. The theoretical component entails an extensive literature survey to integrate 15 identified BPAs seamlessly. Field inquiries involve rating building performance and gauging occupant contentment. The subsequent analytical phase establishes correlations between building performance metrics and occupant satisfaction levels. This systematic approach synergizes user insights with building services, promising a rigorous and systematic building analysis. The outcomes underscore a robust correlation linking building performance attributes to occupant satisfaction, thus affirming the pivotal role of POE as an indispensable tool for appraising building performance. The analysis reveals ten highly correlated parameters, indicating a substantial 67% connection between the Building Performance Rating (BPR) and the Occupant Satisfaction Score (OSS). These influential parameters guide improvements and updates through Post-Occupancy Evaluations (POE). This process is a valuable learning tool for enhancing future organizational projects and improving building performance. The findings emphasize the pertinence of the criteria employed in evaluating building performance, which is relevant for assessing occupant contentment and CDF’s effectiveness. Comparing the previous research, this research posits the potential for widespread adoption of POE in augmenting CDFs' performance and lays the groundwork for expanding its utilization. The scholarly exploration introduces novel perspectives and paves the way for a comprehensive integration of POE to enhance CDFs' operational proficiency. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-07 Full Text: PDF
Estimation of the Physical Progress of Work Using UAV and BIM in Construction Projects Jose Manuel Palomino Ojeda; Lenin Quiñones Huatangari; Billy Alexis Cayatopa Calderon; José Luis Piedra Tineo; Christiaan Zayed Apaza Panca; Manuel Emilio Milla Pino
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-02

Abstract

The delay in the physical progress of construction creates additional costs, missed deadlines, and quality issues. The research aimed to estimate the physical progress of the project by using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and building information modeling (BIM). The methodology comprised capturing 848 high-resolution images of the Civil Engineering Laboratory construction site at the National University of Jaen, Cajamarca, Peru, using the Phantom 4 RTK drone. The photographs were processed using Agisoft 2.0.1 software, resulting in a point cloud. This was then imported into ReCap Pro 2023 software, which was used to assess the quality of the points. The Revit 2023 software was subsequently utilized to establish the phase parameters, linking the BIM model with the point cloud, filtering the model, and eventually exporting it to the Power BI 2023 software. The work's estimated progress utilizing the proposed methodology was 42.82%, which was not statistically significant compared to the Public Works Information System (INFOBRAS) of 43.14%. This allows for the automation of customary processes, the identification of crucial issues, and prompt decision-making. The study's originality lies in the suggestion of integrating aerial imagery with drones and BIM modeling for the real-time and precise estimation of work progression. This method provides a precise and effective substitute for traditional techniques for gauging the tangible advancement of projects. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-02 Full Text: PDF
Modelling of Flood Hazard Early Warning Group Decision Support System Arief A. Soebroto; Lily M. Limantara; Ery Suhartanto; Moh. Sholichin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-018

Abstract

Early warning of flood hazards needs to be carried out comprehensively to avoid a higher risk of disaster. Every decision on early warning of a flood hazard is carried out in part by one party, namely the government or water resource managers. This research aims to provide a collaborative decision-making model for early warning of flood hazards through a Group Decision Support System Model (GDSS), especially in Indonesia. The novelty of this research is that the GDSS model involves more than one decision-maker and multi-criteria decision-making for early warning of flood hazards in the downstream Kali Sadar River, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The GDSS model was developed using a hybrid method, namely the Analytical Network Process (ANP) and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). There was more than one decision result; voting was carried out using the BORDA method to produce the decision. The test results of GDSS were obtained using a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.8425 and matrix confusion, an accuracy value of 86.7%, a precision value of 86.7%, a recall value of 86.7%, and an f-measure of 86.7%. Based on the test results, good results were obtained from the GDSS model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-018 Full Text: PDF
Influence of Filler Materials on Bituminous Mastic Rheology at High Temperatures Sivaprakash G.; Padmarekha Ajithkumar
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-013

Abstract

The mixing and compaction temperatures of the bituminous mixture are determined by the viscosity of the binder. It was always a concern to understand the influence of the type of filler on the workability of the bituminous mixture. The interaction of the filler with the bitumen plays a key role in this. The inert filler has a physical interaction with the binder, and the active filler will have both a physical and chemical interaction. Based on the type of interaction, the viscosity and shear thinning characteristics of the mastic (binder + filler) change, which will hence influence the workability of the bituminous mixture. An experimental investigation is conducted to measure the viscosity of the mastic with two types of filler, one chosen from the active filler category (hydrated lime) and another from the inert filler category (quarry dust). A shear rate sweep experiment was carried out within the temperature range of 100 to 160 °C to analyze the Newtonian and shear thinning responses of the mastic. Results indicate that, for an equivalent weight proportion of the filler, mastic containing quarry dust exhibited elevated Newtonian viscosity and zero-shear viscosity (as predicted using the Carreau Yasuda Model). Additionally, quarry dust mastic demonstrated a higher rate of shear thinning. Consequently, the beneficial effect of shear thinning during the compaction of bituminous mixtures has the potential to enhance workability and streamline the compaction process. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-013 Full Text: PDF
Development of a Method for Increasing the Fire Resistance of Cast-iron Structures of Cultural Heritage Sites under Reconstruction Sergey Puzach; Lisienkova Liubov; Ekaterina Кamchatova; Lyudmila Nosova; Viktoriya Degtyareva; Valentina Tarasova; Liudmila Komarova
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-015

Abstract

When reconstructing cultural heritage sites, significant changes to the original design planning are not allowed. More rational methods are needed to increase the fire resistance of historical buildings, which will ensure their fire safety and preserve their architectural value. Nowadays, most heritage sites do not meet the safety requirements of modern buildings. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for increasing the fire resistance of cast iron structures. The key tasks are increasing the fire resistance of buildings during reconstruction and ensuring their fire safety during operation. The tasks have been achieved by developing a new methodology for increasing the fire resistance of cast iron. It includes an integrated approach to assessing the risk of a fire, a predictive model for the occurrence of fire danger, as well as various scenarios for the fire development caused by cast iron heating. The results’ analysis has allowed us to determine the fire resistance limits of cast iron structures. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the fire resistance of cast iron structures using a three-dimensional mathematical model. The resulting values have been obtained via differential equations of the laws of mass conservation, momentum, gaseous energy, and the optical density of smoke. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-015 Full Text: PDF

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