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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 19 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April" : 19 Documents clear

Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Evaluation Method in Assessing Corrosion Damage of Reinforced Concrete Bridges Gao, Zhicheng; Li, Jiliang
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Effective method used to deal with the corrosion damage condition of any concrete bridge superstructure will help decision makers of bridge management agencies to better choose repair material, and optimize repair method. Simplified corrosion index (SCI) is a very useful and simple index to characterize the actual corrosion damage condition of a reinforced concrete bridge superstructure. In this paper, SCI is calculated by combining the Corrosion Damage Index (CDI), Environment Change Factor (ECF) and Material Vulnerability Factor (MVF). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied to decide the weight factors of CDI, ECF and MVF. The Fuzzy-AHP evaluation method is used in this study to deal with the fuzzy problem of differentiating the different levels of corrosion indicators and to determine the appropriate weight factors. The asymmetric nearness degree method is applied to re-analyze the evaluation vector from Fuzzy-AHP method to calculate the corrosion damage level based on all corrosion indicators. A numerical example was presented to demonstrate the procedure and the benefits of the AHP method, and the proposed Fuzzy-AHP approach, along with the asymmetric nearness degree method, in dealing with the fuzzy nature of SCI calculation problem.

Effect of Dry-wet Cycle on the Formation of Loess Slope Spalling Hazards Yuyu Zhang; Wanjun Ye
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper investigates the effect of dry-wet cycle process on the formation of loess slope spalling hazards. Based on the CT scan tests and macroscopic fissures analysis, the fissure variation law of loess samples under different dry-wet cycle times were determined. Through the laboratory direct shear tests, the variation law of shear strength, cohesion and angle of internal friction of loess samples under different dry-wet cycle times and different dry-wet cycle water content variation ranges were discussed. The results show that the natural water contents of Luo-chuan loess were higher than Tong-chuan loess due to it’s higher contents of clay particles. With the increase of dry-wet cycle times, the internal fissure numbers of loess samples increased dramatically. The value of shear strength and cohesion of loess samples in two different areas decreased dramatically due to the increase of dry-wet cycle times. Higher water content variation ranges of dry-wet cycles leaded to lower shear strength of loess samples under the same dry-wet cycle times. Loess slope spalling hazards often happened due to the decrease of shear strength and the occurrence of internal fissures in loess induced by the dry-wet cycle process.

The Effects of Raw Rice Husk and Rice Husk Ash on the Strength and Durability of Adobe Bricks Sasui Sasui; Watcharin Jinwuth; Sirimas Hengrasmee
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Adobe houses are an important form of housing among many low income communities in developing countries. Unfortunately one drawback of adobe bricks is that their strength and durability against water are poor, which can lead to material deterioration and structural collapse. To improve the properties of adobe, the soil used to build bricks is sometimes stabilized with either natural or artificial additives. Rice husk is a natural additive commonly used in both raw and ash form as a stabilizer for several masonry materials due to its pozzolanic property. This study investigates and compares the influence of Raw Rice Husk (RRH) and heap burned Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as stabilizers on the compressive strength, stability, water absorption and volumetric shrinkage of adobe specimens. Whether the stabilizer was RRH or RHA, these materials were used in the proportion of 2% of dry weight of soil. Results showed significantly improved performance for the specimens containing RRH, but none for the RHA. This suggests that the excessive burning temperature in heap reduced the cementation properties of RHA. Based on these results, the study concludes that the application of raw rice husk as a stabilizer is more effective than heap burned rice husk ash for the construction of local adobe houses in areas affected by flood and rain.

Reviewing the Role of Spatial Factors in Promoting Social Interactions with the Purpose of Designing a Cinematic-Cultural Complex Karimi Azeri, Amir Reza; Haghighi Sosari, Zahra Delkhosh; Mozhdehi, Amirnezhad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The first goal of architecture is to build a proper space for human activities. Having sufficient knowledge about human beings and their relationships with others can be effective in creating an environment that is appropriate for certain types of activities. On the other hand , as social creatures, humans have various qualitative and quantitative levels of social interactions; while many of the existing buildings have created a deeper gap in human relations by solely responding to the functional needs and failing to give focused attention to human factors. In fact, the subject of the current research indicates that, due to the shortage of cultural facilities and healthy urban hangouts, as well as the unacceptable quality of the existing cultural spaces especially the cinemas, the recommended design can be a multifunctional complex and have spaces with official and unofficial sociable spaces. Also, it can make creation and promotion of social interactions possible. The current research is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature and it is a survey, in terms of method. In addition, it is an applied research in terms of its objective, a quantitative research based on the research data and a field study based on its procedure. In this respect, some human and environmental variables that affect social interactions have been extracted from documents and library studies. Among them,Â five of the most important factors were selected as the basis of this research based on the prioritization done by specialized environmental psychologists among faculty members of some of the most well-known and valid universities in Iran. The statistical community of this research is the city of Anzali harbor and places related to active cinemas of the city. Therefore, by specifying the community, sample and tools of the research, the roles played by the selected variables in association with the confirmation and rejection of the research hypotheses were tested. After analyzing the data using SPSS software, the selected variables were prioritized as follows: capabilities of the environment, attraction, visual beauty and aesthetic dimensions, natural landscape, view and adjacency, accessibility, continuity and legibility. Then, the most effective solutions for fulfilling the research objectives were developed.

Identifying Important Features of Paratransit Modes in Sylhet City, Bangladesh: A Case Study Based on Travelers Perception Tanay Datta Chowdhury; Muhammad Saif Uddin; Debolina Datta; Mohammad Azazul Kabir Taraz
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Paratransit modes are familiar modes of transportation in Sylhet city and across Bangladesh. Field investigation marked the existence of motorized, non-motorized and battery driven paratransit modes across city. Though non-motorized vehicles such as rickshaws and easy bike were found in every survey location but people preferred motorized transportation. Young age range people mostly used this media as transportation. Students and service holders were most predominant type of users found from the survey. User satisfaction was used for measuring important characteristics of paratransit modes and the results indicated that about 70% people fall somewhere between satisfied to somewhat satisfied. A Multinomial and an Ordered Logit model were utilized to analyze passenger satisfaction and both of them agreed that female passengers were dissatisfied regarding present paratransit systems. Fitness and cleanliness were considered as influential features of the existing modes. Lack of flexible movement of paratransit modes especially motorized ones around city roads was the main driving force of making the mode unreliable to users. People showed positive attitude towards overall service, safety and security of paratransit vehicles operating in Sylhet city. The fare structure made this transport system popular, but operational shortcomings such as congestion make the prospect of existing modes questionable.

Evaluation of Softening of Clayey Soil Stabilized with Sewage Sludge Ash and Lime Kamyar Norouzian; Nader Abbasi; Jahangir Abedi Koupai
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Production of sewage sludge have raised increasing concerns due to negative environmental effect. Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA) is used as a new type of additive for clay. Laboratory tests were performed on clay samples to study the mechanism of sewage sludge ash (SSA) and Hydrated Lime (HL) soil stabilization. Different SSA contents (0, 5, 10, 15%) and hydrated lime (0, 1, 3 and 5%) were added to the soil samples. 288 samples were prepared, and unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out. The samples were tested under optimum water content and also saturated conditions with three replications. The results of the coefficient of softening indicated that by adding SSA and hydrated lime to clay soil simultaneously, the stabilized clay soils can be applied in the moist and saturated condition. According to the results, the samples of SSA contents 0% with hydrated lime 5% and SSA contents 10% with hydrated lime 5% can be placed in the vicinity of moisture.

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis Using the New Correlation Relationships for Magnitude Scales Behrooz Alizadeh; Saeid Pourzeynali
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Amol is one of the oldest cities located in north of Iran, Mazandaran province, and its history dates back to the pre-Islamic period. Amol is a city with an area about 3000 square kilometers, a population exceeding 370,000, and includes the old and famous neighborhoods that have a religious, commercial, and service with a long history background. Considering the importance of buildings constructed in this city and the need for their preservation and restoration on one hand, and the occurrence of many severe earthquakes in the past centuries, as well as the recent earthquakes of the last century, on the other hand, encourage us to study the seismicity of this city. Therefore, in this paper, by considering the historical and instrumental earthquakes recorded within a radius of 150 km around this city and the seismic mechanism of the faults located in this region, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of the area is studied. Then, using the probabilistic relations of the seismic hazard analysis of the Kijko 2000 computer program, the seismicity parameters and the return periods of the earthquake magnitudes are obtained for the area, and at the end, the horizontal peak ground acceleration is zoned for this city.

Modeling Groundwater Surface by MODFLOW Math Code and Geostatistical Method Ahmad Tahershamsi; Atabak Feizi; Siavash Molaei
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Simulation of groundwater flow by mathematical model can be used for developing aquifer balance element analysis scenarios, explaining conditions of droughts, definition of prohibitive extraction policies and analyzing the qualitative models. In this study, the development of a quantitative model in terms of the main parameters affecting on the water surface changes has been performed for the Ardebil plain (located in NW of Iran). Accordingly, a comprehensive processing of raw data sets has been carried-out by means of MODFLOW mathematical model. Also to simulate the groundwater surface changes in the mentioned plain, the geo-statistical method has been used. Results indicate that the mathematical model used in the aquifer balance simulation for the Ardebil plain has approximately 2% relative normal root-mean-square error (NRMSE). This small NRSMSE confirms the model accuracy for the Ardebil plain using the calibration data. Moreover, comparing the results of this method and the ones obtained by mathematical model performed by examining some error criteria like RMSE, Mean, ASE and MS, it is found that the accuracy of the mathematical model is higher than the geostatistical method and the main reason for this is the distribution of uncertainty in a few available piezometric points in the geostatistical method.

Effect of Variable Confining Pressure on Cyclic Triaxial Behavior of K0-consolidated Soft Marine Clay Lei Sun
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The effect of variable confining pressure (VCP) on the cyclic deformation and cyclic pore water pressure in K0-consolidated saturated soft marine clay were investigated with the help of the cyclic stress-controlled advanced dynamic triaxial test in undrained condition. The testing program encompassed three cyclic deviator stress ratios, CSR=0.189, 0.284 and 0.379 and three stress path inclinations ηampl=3,1 and 0.64. All tests with constant confining pressure (CCP) and variable confining pressure (VCP) have identical initial stress and average stress. The results were analyzed in terms of the accumulative normalized excess pore water pressure rqu recorded at the end of each stress cycle and permanent axial strain, as well as resilient modulus. Limited data suggest that these behavior are significantly affected by both of the VCP and CSR. For a given value of VCP, both of the pore water pressure rqu and permanent axial strains are consistently increase with the increasing values of CSR. However, for a given value of CSR, the extent of the influence of VCP and the trend is substantially depend on the CSR.

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